Android 11開始把getExternalStoragePublicDirectory標記棄用，要求改用MediaStore，一樣從畫面開始

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.core.widget.NestedScrollView xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".CropLensActivity">

    <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent">

        <com.google.android.material.button.MaterialButton
            android:id="@+id/aclMbCreatePackageNamePicture"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="0dp"
            android:layout_marginStart="8dp"
            android:layout_marginTop="4dp"
            android:layout_marginEnd="8dp"
            android:padding="8dp"
            android:text="在應用程式資料夾建立照片"
            android:textAllCaps="false"
            app:autoSizeTextType="uniform"
            app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/aclIvPackageNamePicture"
            app:layout_constraintDimensionRatio="5:1"
            app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintVertical_chainStyle="packed" />

        <androidx.appcompat.widget.AppCompatImageView
            android:id="@+id/aclIvPackageNamePicture"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="0dp"
            android:layout_margin="4dp"
            android:layout_marginTop="4dp"
            app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/aclMbCreatePhonePicture"
            app:layout_constraintDimensionRatio="4:3"
            app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/aclMbCreatePackageNamePicture"
            tools:src="@tools:sample/backgrounds/scenic" />

        <com.google.android.material.button.MaterialButton
            android:id="@+id/aclMbCreatePhonePicture"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="0dp"
            android:layout_marginStart="8dp"
            android:layout_marginTop="4dp"
            android:layout_marginEnd="8dp"
            android:padding="8dp"
            android:text="在圖片資料夾建立照片"
            android:textAllCaps="false"
            app:autoSizeTextType="uniform"
            app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/aclIvPhonePicture"
            app:layout_constraintDimensionRatio="5:1"
            app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/aclIvPackageNamePicture" />

        <androidx.appcompat.widget.AppCompatImageView
            android:id="@+id/aclIvPhonePicture"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="0dp"
            android:layout_margin="4dp"
            android:layout_marginTop="4dp"
            app:layout_constraintDimensionRatio="4:3"
            app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/aclMbCreatePhonePicture"
            tools:src="@tools:sample/backgrounds/scenic" />

        <com.google.android.material.button.MaterialButton
            android:id="@+id/aclMbCreateMediaStorePicture"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="0dp"
            android:layout_marginStart="8dp"
            android:layout_marginTop="4dp"
            android:layout_marginEnd="8dp"
            android:padding="8dp"
            android:text="MediaStore在圖片資料夾建立照片"
            android:textAllCaps="false"
            app:autoSizeTextType="uniform"
            app:layout_constraintDimensionRatio="5:1"
            app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/aclIvPhonePicture" />

        <androidx.appcompat.widget.AppCompatImageView
            android:id="@+id/aclIvMediaStorePicture"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="0dp"
            android:layout_margin="4dp"
            android:layout_marginTop="4dp"
            app:layout_constraintDimensionRatio="4:3"
            app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/aclMbCreateMediaStorePicture"
            tools:src="@tools:sample/backgrounds/scenic" />
    </androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>
</androidx.core.widget.NestedScrollView>

以前使用getExternalStoragePublicDirectory我們還要自己建立資料夾，使用MediaStore後直接填入路徑，ContentValues就會自動幫我們建立資料夾，非常方便。

不過用這種方式儲存檔案，如果遇到同名檔案，會在檔案後面加上(數字)，例如原本有003.jpg，下次存檔就會變成003(1).jpg，以此類推。

override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_crop_lens)

    aclMbCreateMediaStorePicture.setOnClickListener {
    
        val contentValue = ContentValues().apply {
            this.put(MediaStore.Images.ImageColumns.DISPLAY_NAME, "003.jpg")
            this.put(MediaStore.Images.ImageColumns.MIME_TYPE, "image/jpeg")
            if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.Q) {
                this.put(MediaStore.Images.ImageColumns.RELATIVE_PATH, "${Environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES}/AndroidSystem")
            }
        }
        
        val uri = contentResolver.insert(MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, contentValue)
        
        takePictureResultLauncher.launch(uri)
    }
}