第十八天：在 Rails 7 用 jsbundling + esbuild 安裝並使用 bootstrap

2022 iThome 鐵人賽

DAY 18

Modern Web

Rails，我要進來囉系列第 18 篇

14th鐵人賽 rails ruby on rails

Sam

2022-10-03 09:33:02

1208 瀏覽

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開場白

鼬～～哩賀，我是寫程式的山姆老弟，前兩天跟大家一起實驗了用 importmap、webpack 來安裝 bootstrap，今天來繼續延續 Rails 7 的研究，要試試看用 jsbundling-rails 這個 gem 來處理 JS，這個 gem 可以讓我們選擇四種處理 JS 的方法，第一個是預設的 importmap，第二個是最近很紅的 esbuild，第三個是 rollup，第四個是 webpack，我們今天要實驗的是選擇 esbuild 來試試看，看用起來感覺怎麼樣、跟昨天使用 webpack 的感覺有沒有差別，夠夠～

創一個實驗用的專案

$ rails new rails7_esbuild -j esbuild

在 Rails 7 中，如果沒有帶 -j，預設就是使用 importmap

研究一下專案結構

package.json: 用 esbuild 也是有，我還以為只有 webpack 會有?
懶得一個一個列出來了，跟昨天 webpack 的結構一模模一樣樣 XD

創一個實驗場域

$ rails g controller home index

把新的頁面設為首頁 config/routes.rb

Rails.application.routes.draw do
  root 'home#index'
end

用 esbuild 安裝 bootstrap

在 Gemfile 安裝 sassc-rails 和 bootstrap，並執行 $ bundle install

# Gemfile

# Use Sass to process CSS
gem "sassc-rails"

# Use bootstrap
gem 'bootstrap'

重新命名 app/assets/stylesheets/application.css 為 app/assets/stylesheets/application.scss，並引用 bootstrap
```
// app/assets/stylesheets/application.scss
@import 'bootstrap';
```
到這邊 bootstrap 的 css 已交給 sprocket(Asset Pipeline) 搞定
安裝 $ yarn add bootstrap @popperjs/core

到 app/javascript/application.js 引用 bootstrap，並啟用 tooltip 和 popover

// app/javascript/application.js
...
import * as bootstrap from 'bootstrap'
const popoverTriggerList = document.querySelectorAll('[data-bs-toggle="popover"]')
const popoverList = [...popoverTriggerList].map(popoverTriggerEl => new bootstrap.Popover(popoverTriggerEl))
const tooltipTriggerList = document.querySelectorAll('[data-bs-toggle="tooltip"]')
const tooltipList = [...tooltipTriggerList].map(tooltipTriggerEl => new bootstrap.Tooltip(tooltipTriggerEl))

到 app/views/home/index.html.erb 使用幾個 bootstrap 的元件試試看

<nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-dark bg-dark" aria-label="Ninth navbar example">
  <div class="container-xl">
    <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">Container XL</a>
    <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#navbarsExample07XL" aria-controls="navbarsExample07XL" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
      <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span>
    </button>

    <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarsExample07XL">
      <ul class="navbar-nav me-auto mb-2 mb-lg-0">
        <li class="nav-item">
          <a class="nav-link active" aria-current="page" href="#">Home</a>
        </li>
        <li class="nav-item">
          <a class="nav-link" href="#">Link</a>
        </li>
        <li class="nav-item">
          <a class="nav-link disabled">Disabled</a>
        </li>
        <li class="nav-item dropdown">
          <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" aria-expanded="false">Dropdown</a>
          <ul class="dropdown-menu">
            <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="#">Action</a></li>
            <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="#">Another action</a></li>
            <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="#">Something else here</a></li>
          </ul>
        </li>
      </ul>
      <form role="search">
        <input class="form-control" type="search" placeholder="Search" aria-label="Search">
      </form>
    </div>
  </div>
</nav>

<h1>Home#index</h1>
<p>Find me in app/views/home/index.html.erb</p>

<div class="dropdown">
  <button class="btn btn-secondary btn-sm dropdown-toggle" type="button" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" aria-expanded="false">
    Dropdown button
  </button>
  <ul class="dropdown-menu">
    <li><h6 class="dropdown-header">Dropdown header</h6></li>
    <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="#">Action</a></li>
    <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="#">Another action</a></li>
    <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="#">Something else here</a></li>
    <li><hr class="dropdown-divider"></li>
    <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="#">Separated link</a></li>
  </ul>
</div>
<!-- Button trigger modal -->
<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary" data-bs-toggle="modal" data-bs-target="#exampleModal">
  Launch demo modal
</button>

<!-- Modal -->
<div class="modal fade" id="exampleModal" tabindex="-1" aria-labelledby="exampleModalLabel" aria-hidden="true">
  <div class="modal-dialog">
    <div class="modal-content">
      <div class="modal-header">
        <h5 class="modal-title" id="exampleModalLabel">Modal title</h5>
        <button type="button" class="btn-close" data-bs-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"></button>
      </div>
      <div class="modal-body">
        ...
      </div>
      <div class="modal-footer">
        <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary" data-bs-dismiss="modal">Close</button>
        <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Save changes</button>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

<button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary" data-bs-toggle="tooltip" data-bs-placement="top" title="Tooltip on top">
  Tooltip on top
</button>

<!-- popover -->
<button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary" data-bs-container="body" data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-placement="top" data-bs-content="Vivamus sagittis lacus vel augue laoreet rutrum faucibus." aria-describedby="popover307994">
  Popover on top
</button>