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Typescript function 解構賦值,請問如何在不影響預設值的情況下指定type

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如題,最近在嘗試寫一個library遇到的問題

這是官方文件,可以看到 chat_id 可以用 Integer 或 String
https://ithelp.ithome.com.tw/upload/images/20200816/20112304sJxw1P07RR.png

然後這是我寫的lib

class tgbot3 {
  token: string
  api_url: string

  constructor(token: string) {
    this.token = token
    this.api_url = `https://api.telegram.org/bot${this.token}/`
  }

  public sendMessage(
    {
      chat_id = '',
      text = '',
      parse_mode = '',
      disable_web_page_preview = false,
      disable_notification = false,
      reply_to_message_id = 0,
      reply_markup = '',
    } = {}
  ) {
    if (chat_id === '') this.miss_parameter("chat_id")
    if (text === '') this.miss_parameter("chat_id")
    let start_payload = {
      "method": "sendMessage",
      'chat_id': String(chat_id),
      'text': String(text),
      'parse_mode': parse_mode,
      'disable_web_page_preview': disable_web_page_preview,
      'disable_notification': disable_notification,
      'reply_to_message_id': reply_to_message_id,
      'reply_markup': reply_markup,
    }
    return this.start(start_payload)
  }

  private miss_parameter(parameter: string) {
    throw new Error(`Missing ${parameter}`)
  }
  private start(payload: any) {
    let data = {
      "method": "post",
      "payload": payload
    }
    // @ts-ignore
    return UrlFetchApp.fetch(this.api_url, data);
  }
}


然後 ts 就噴錯給我看,說不能指定整數給 "string|undefined" 的 chat_id
https://ithelp.ithome.com.tw/upload/images/20200816/20112304ezwkAWWhWn.png

在我的理解中

"string|undefined"中的 string 是因為我指定預設值為 ''
然後 undefined 是因為後面的 "{}" (如下圖)因為沒指定東西所產生的
https://ithelp.ithome.com.tw/upload/images/20200816/20112304oEHgO4Ot7C.png
想先請問這樣理解有錯嗎?


然後是正題

之後我查找一堆資料後,自己修改成這樣(ts應許),希望能來指定type

  public sendMessage(
    {
      chat_id ,
      text,
      parse_mode,
      disable_web_page_preview,
      disable_notification,
      reply_to_message_id,
      reply_markup,
    }: {
      chat_id:string|number|undefined,
      text:string|undefined,
      parse_mode:string|undefined,
      disable_web_page_preview:Boolean|undefined,
      disable_notification:Boolean|undefined,
      reply_to_message_id:string|number|undefined,
      reply_markup:any|undefined,
    }={
      chat_id : '',
      text:'',
      parse_mode:'',
      disable_web_page_preview:false,
      disable_notification:false,
      reply_to_message_id:'',
      reply_markup:'',
    }
  ) {
    if (chat_id === '') this.miss_parameter("chat_id")
    if (text === '') this.miss_parameter("text")
    let start_payload = {
      "method": "sendMessage",
      'chat_id': String(chat_id),
      'text': String(text),
      'parse_mode': parse_mode,
      'disable_web_page_preview': disable_web_page_preview,
      'disable_notification': disable_notification,
      'reply_to_message_id': reply_to_message_id,
      'reply_markup': reply_markup,
    }
    return this.start(start_payload)
  }

然後就可以用了
https://ithelp.ithome.com.tw/upload/images/20200816/20112304kgDKYv8eKZ.png

可是卻變成要求要輸入全部的參數才能用(如下圖拿掉 reply_markup 後)
https://ithelp.ithome.com.tw/upload/images/20200816/20112304ZsIch8Cbt9.png

這樣的話就沒有預設值的意義了

想請問一下有沒有可以兼顧 "指定屬性" 跟 "預設值" 的方式

謝謝各位m(_ _)m

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1 個回答

6
listennn08
iT邦高手 5 級 ‧ 2020-08-16 18:13:11
最佳解答

想先請問這樣理解有錯嗎?

沒有


可以用可選引數的方式

chat_id?: string|number|undefined,

另外解構賦值給定預設值應該是這樣

{
  chat_id = '',
  text = '',
  parse_mode = '',
  disable_web_page_preview = false,
  disable_notification = false,
  reply_to_message_id = '',
  reply_markup = '',
}: {
  chat_id?:string|number|undefined,
  text?:string|undefined,
  parse_mode?:string|undefined,
  disable_web_page_preview?:Boolean|undefined,
  disable_notification?:Boolean|undefined,
  reply_to_message_id?:string|number|undefined,
  reply_markup?:any|undefined,
} = {}

ref

we684123 iT邦研究生 4 級 ‧ 2020-08-16 19:04:38 檢舉

啊... 原來解構賦值中要用成這樣
感謝您!

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