做完了2048，想要創造一個重新開始的按鈕(自動關閉及重新開始)但是找不到方法，有前輩可以指點一下嗎?(已解決)

python3 tkinter gui

codenewww 2022-06-20 15:08:47 ‧ 880 瀏覽

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import tkinter as tk
import color as c
import random



   






class Game(tk.Frame):
    def __init__(self):
        tk.Frame.__init__(self)
        self.grid()
        self.master.title("2048")

        self.main_grid = tk.Frame(
            self,bg=c.GRID_COLOR,bd=3,width=600,height=600
        )
        self.main_grid.grid(pady=(100,0))
        self.make_GUI()
        self.start_game()

        self.master.bind("<Left>",self.left)
        self.master.bind("<Right>",self.right)
        self.master.bind("<Up>",self.up)
        self.master.bind("<Down>",self.down)
    
        self.mainloop()
    def make_GUI(self):
        #make grid
        self.cells = []        
        for i in range(4):
            row = []
            for j in range(4):
                cell_frame = tk.Frame(
                    self.main_grid,bg=c.EMPTY_CELL_COLOR,width=150,height=150
                )
                cell_frame.grid(row=i,column=j,padx=5,pady=5)
                cell_number = tk.Label(self.main_grid,bg=c.EMPTY_CELL_COLOR,)
                cell_number.grid(row=i,column=j)
                cell_data = {"frame": cell_frame,"number":cell_number}
                row.append(cell_data)
            self.cells.append(row)
        #make score header
        score_frame = tk.Frame(self)
        score_frame.place(relx=0.5,y=45,anchor="center")
        tk.Label(
            score_frame,
            text= "Score",
            font=c.SCORE_LABEL_FONT
        ).grid(row=0)
        self.score_label = tk.Label(score_frame,text="0",font=c.SCORE_FONT)
        self.score_label.grid(row=1)
    


    def start_game(self):
        #create matrix with all zeros
        self.matrix = [[0]*4 for _ in range(4)]

        #fill 2 random cells with 2s
        row = random.randint(0,3)
        col = random.randint(0,3)
        self.matrix[row][col] = 2
        self.cells[row][col]["frame"].configure(bg=c.CELL_COLORS[2])
        self.cells[row][col]["number"].configure(
            bg=c.CELL_COLORS[2],
            fg=c.CELL_COLORS[2],
            font=c.CELL_COLORS[2],
            text="2"
        )
        while(self.matrix[row][col] != 0):
            row = random.randint(0,3) 
            col = random.randint(0,3)
        self.matrix[row][col] = 2
        self.cells[row][col]["frame"].configure(bg=c.CELL_COLORS[2])
        self.cells[row][col]["number"].configure(
            bg=c.CELL_COLORS[2],
            fg=c.CELL_COLORS[2],
            font=c.CELL_COLORS[2],
            text="2"
        )
        self.score = 0

    def stack(self):
        new_matrix = [[0]* 4 for _ in range(4)]
        for i in range(4):
            fill_position = 0
            for j in range(4):
                if self.matrix[i][j] != 0:
                    new_matrix[i][fill_position] = self.matrix[i][j]
                    fill_position += 1
        self.matrix = new_matrix
    

    def combine(self):
        for i in range(4):
            for j in range(3):
                if self.matrix[i][j] != 0 and self.matrix[i][j] == self.matrix[i][j + 1]:
                    self.matrix[i][j] *= 2
                    self.matrix[i][j + 1] = 0
                    self.score += self.matrix[i][j]



    def reverse(self):
        new_matrix = []
        for i in range(4):
            new_matrix.append([])
            for j in range(4):
                new_matrix[i].append(self.matrix[i][3-j])
        self.matrix = new_matrix
    

    def transpose(self):
        new_matrix = [[0] * 4 for _ in range(4)]
        for i in range(4):
            for j in range(4):
                new_matrix[i][j] = self.matrix[j][i]
        self.matrix = new_matrix


    def add_new_tile(self):
        row = random.randint(0,3)
        col = random.randint(0,3)
        while(self.matrix[row][col] != 0):
            row = random.randint(0,3) 
            col = random.randint(0,3)
        self.matrix[row][col] = random.choice([2,4])


    def update_GUI(self):
        for i in range(4):
            for j in range(4):
                cell_value = self.matrix[i][j]
                if cell_value == 0:
                    self.cells[i][j]["frame"].configure(bg=c.EMPTY_CELL_COLOR)
                    self.cells[i][j]["number"].configure(bg=c.EMPTY_CELL_COLOR,text="")
                else:
                    self.cells[i][j]["frame"].configure(bg=c.CELL_COLORS[cell_value])
                    self.cells[i][j]["number"].configure(
                        bg=c.CELL_COLORS[cell_value],
                        fg=c.CELL_NUMBER_COLORS[cell_value],
                        font=c.CELL_NUMBER_FONTS[cell_value],
                        text=str(cell_value)
                    )
        self.score_label.configure(text=self.score)
        self.update_idletasks()
    

    def left(self,event):
        self.stack()
        self.combine()
        self.stack()
        self.add_new_tile()
        self.update_GUI()
        self.game_over()
    def right(self,event):
        self.reverse()
        self.stack()
        self.combine()
        self.stack()
        self.reverse()
        self.add_new_tile()
        self.update_GUI()
        self.game_over()
    def up(self,event):
        self.transpose()
        self.stack()
        self.combine()
        self.stack()
        self.transpose()
        self.add_new_tile()
        self.update_GUI()
        self.game_over()
    def down(self,event):
        self.transpose()
        self.reverse()
        self.stack()
        self.combine()
        self.stack()
        self.reverse()
        self.transpose()
        self.add_new_tile()
        self.update_GUI()
        self.game_over()


    def horizontal_move_exists(self):
        for i in range(4):
            for j in range(3):
                if self.matrix[i][j] == self.matrix[i][j+1]:
                    return True
        return False
    
    def vertial_move_exists(self):
        for i in range(3):
            for j in range(4):
                if self.matrix[i][j] == self.matrix[i+1][j]:
                    return True
        return False

    def _destroy(self):
        Game().destroy()

    def game_over(self):
        if any(2048 in row for row in self.matrix):
            game_over_frame = tk.Frame(self.main_grid,borderwidth=2)
            game_over_frame.place(relx=0.5,rely=0.5,anchor="center")
            tk.Label(
                game_over_frame,
                text="YOU WIN!",
                bg=c.WINNER_BG,
                fg=c.GAME_OVER_FONT_COLOR,
                font=c.GAME_OVER_FONT
            ).pack()
             
            
        elif not any(0 in row for row in self.matrix) and not self.horizontal_move_exists() and not self.vertial_move_exists():
            game_over_frame = tk.Frame(self.main_grid,borderwidth=2)
            game_over_frame.place(relx=0.5,rely=0.5,anchor="center")
            tk.Label(
                game_over_frame,
                text="GAME OVER!",
                bg=c.LOSER_BG,
                fg=c.GAME_OVER_FONT_COLOR,
                font=c.GAME_OVER_FONT
            ).pack()
            
            
                        
        
    

def main():
    Game()
    
if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

貓虎皮 iT邦新手 3 級 ‧ 2022-06-20 20:33:54 檢舉

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貓虎皮 iT邦新手 3 級 ‧ 2022-06-20 20:39:40 檢舉

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2 個回答

貓虎皮

iT邦新手 3 級 ‧ 2022-06-20 20:40:49

最佳解答

做法1
用tkinter的message系統彈出「遊戲結束」的對話框。
並在使用者按下「確定」後，將視窗destroy掉，接著再呼叫一次Game()。
可以參考：https://docs.python.org/zh-tw/3/library/tkinter.messagebox.html

做法2
在Label底下添加Button，並綁定函式。
main.py

import tkinter as tk
import color as c
import random

class Game(tk.Frame):
    def __init__(self):
        tk.Frame.__init__(self)
        self.grid()
        self.master.title("2048")

        self.main_grid = tk.Frame(
            self,bg=c.GRID_COLOR,bd=3,width=600,height=600
        )
        self.main_grid.grid(pady=(100,0))
        self.make_GUI()
        self.start_game()

        self.master.bind("<Left>",self.left)
        self.master.bind("<Right>",self.right)
        self.master.bind("<Up>",self.up)
        self.master.bind("<Down>",self.down)
    
        self.mainloop()
    def make_GUI(self):
        #make grid
        self.cells = []        
        for i in range(4):
            row = []
            for j in range(4):
                cell_frame = tk.Frame(
                    self.main_grid,bg=c.EMPTY_CELL_COLOR,width=150,height=150
                )
                cell_frame.grid(row=i,column=j,padx=5,pady=5)
                cell_number = tk.Label(self.main_grid,bg=c.EMPTY_CELL_COLOR,)
                cell_number.grid(row=i,column=j)
                cell_data = {"frame": cell_frame,"number":cell_number}
                row.append(cell_data)
            self.cells.append(row)
        #make score header
        score_frame = tk.Frame(self)
        score_frame.place(relx=0.5,y=45,anchor="center")
        tk.Label(
            score_frame,
            text= "Score",
            font=c.SCORE_LABEL_FONT
        ).grid(row=0)
        self.score_label = tk.Label(score_frame,text="0",font=c.SCORE_FONT)
        self.score_label.grid(row=1)
    


    def start_game(self):
        #create matrix with all zeros
        self.matrix = [[0]*4 for _ in range(4)]

        #fill 2 random cells with 2s
        row = random.randint(0,3)
        col = random.randint(0,3)
        self.matrix[row][col] = 2
        self.cells[row][col]["frame"].configure(bg=c.CELL_COLORS[2])
        self.cells[row][col]["number"].configure(
            bg=c.CELL_COLORS[2],
            fg=c.CELL_COLORS[2],
            font=c.CELL_COLORS[2],
            text="2"
        )
        while(self.matrix[row][col] != 0):
            row = random.randint(0,3) 
            col = random.randint(0,3)
        self.matrix[row][col] = 2
        self.cells[row][col]["frame"].configure(bg=c.CELL_COLORS[2])
        self.cells[row][col]["number"].configure(
            bg=c.CELL_COLORS[2],
            fg=c.CELL_COLORS[2],
            font=c.CELL_COLORS[2],
            text="2"
        )
        self.score = 0

    def stack(self):
        new_matrix = [[0]* 4 for _ in range(4)]
        for i in range(4):
            fill_position = 0
            for j in range(4):
                if self.matrix[i][j] != 0:
                    new_matrix[i][fill_position] = self.matrix[i][j]
                    fill_position += 1
        self.matrix = new_matrix
    

    def combine(self):
        for i in range(4):
            for j in range(3):
                if self.matrix[i][j] != 0 and self.matrix[i][j] == self.matrix[i][j + 1]:
                    self.matrix[i][j] *= 2
                    self.matrix[i][j + 1] = 0
                    self.score += self.matrix[i][j]



    def reverse(self):
        new_matrix = []
        for i in range(4):
            new_matrix.append([])
            for j in range(4):
                new_matrix[i].append(self.matrix[i][3-j])
        self.matrix = new_matrix
    

    def transpose(self):
        new_matrix = [[0] * 4 for _ in range(4)]
        for i in range(4):
            for j in range(4):
                new_matrix[i][j] = self.matrix[j][i]
        self.matrix = new_matrix


    def add_new_tile(self):
        emptyBox = 0
        for r in range(3):
            for c in range(3):
                if self.matrix[r][c] == 0:
                    emptyBox += 1
        if emptyBox > 0:
            row = random.randint(0,3)
            col = random.randint(0,3)
            while(self.matrix[row][col] != 0):
                row = random.randint(0,3) 
                col = random.randint(0,3)
            self.matrix[row][col] = random.choice([2,4])


    def update_GUI(self):
        for i in range(4):
            for j in range(4):
                cell_value = self.matrix[i][j]
                if cell_value == 0:
                    self.cells[i][j]["frame"].configure(bg=c.EMPTY_CELL_COLOR)
                    self.cells[i][j]["number"].configure(bg=c.EMPTY_CELL_COLOR,text="")
                else:
                    self.cells[i][j]["frame"].configure(bg=c.CELL_COLORS[cell_value])
                    self.cells[i][j]["number"].configure(
                        bg=c.CELL_COLORS[cell_value],
                        fg=c.CELL_NUMBER_COLORS[cell_value],
                        font=c.CELL_NUMBER_FONTS[cell_value],
                        text=str(cell_value)
                    )
        self.score_label.configure(text=self.score)
        self.update_idletasks()
    

    def left(self,event):
        self.stack()
        self.combine()
        self.stack()
        self.add_new_tile()
        self.update_GUI()
        self.game_over()
    def right(self,event):
        self.reverse()
        self.stack()
        self.combine()
        self.stack()
        self.reverse()
        self.add_new_tile()
        self.update_GUI()
        self.game_over()
    def up(self,event):
        self.transpose()
        self.stack()
        self.combine()
        self.stack()
        self.transpose()
        self.add_new_tile()
        self.update_GUI()
        self.game_over()
    def down(self,event):
        self.transpose()
        self.reverse()
        self.stack()
        self.combine()
        self.stack()
        self.reverse()
        self.transpose()
        self.add_new_tile()
        self.update_GUI()
        self.game_over()


    def horizontal_move_exists(self):
        for i in range(4):
            for j in range(3):
                if self.matrix[i][j] == self.matrix[i][j+1]:
                    return True
        return False
    
    def vertial_move_exists(self):
        for i in range(3):
            for j in range(4):
                if self.matrix[i][j] == self.matrix[i+1][j]:
                    return True
        return False


    def game_over(self):
        addButton = False
        if any(2048 in row for row in self.matrix):
            game_over_frame = tk.Frame(self.main_grid,borderwidth=2)
            game_over_frame.place(relx=0.5,rely=0.5,anchor="center")
            tk.Label(
                game_over_frame,
                text="YOU WIN!",
                bg=c.WINNER_BG,
                fg=c.GAME_OVER_FONT_COLOR,
                font=c.GAME_OVER_FONT
            ).pack()
            addButton = "PLAY AGAIN"
        elif not any(0 in row for row in self.matrix) and not self.horizontal_move_exists() and not self.vertial_move_exists():
            game_over_frame = tk.Frame(self.main_grid,borderwidth=2)
            game_over_frame.place(relx=0.5,rely=0.5,anchor="center")
            tk.Label(
                game_over_frame,
                text="GAME OVER!",
                bg=c.LOSER_BG,
                fg=c.GAME_OVER_FONT_COLOR,
                font=c.GAME_OVER_FONT
            ).pack()
            addButton = "RESTART"
        if addButton:
            tk.Label(game_over_frame).pack()
            tk.Button(
                game_over_frame,
                text=addButton,
                bg=c.LOSER_BG,
                fg=c.GAME_OVER_FONT_COLOR,
                font=c.RESTART_BUTTON_FONT, 
                command=self.restart
            ).pack()
    
    def restart(self):
        self.destroy()
        Game()

def main():
    Game()
    
if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

color.py

GRID_COLOR = "#a39489"
EMPTY_CELL_COLOR = "#c2b3a9"
SCORE_LABEL_FONT = ("Verdana", 20)
SCORE_FONT = ("Helvetica", 32, "bold")
GAME_OVER_FONT = ("Helvetica", 48, "bold")
RESTART_BUTTON_FONT = ("Helvetica", 30)
GAME_OVER_FONT_COLOR = "#ffffff"
WINNER_BG = "#ffcc00"
LOSER_BG = "#a39489"

CELL_COLORS = {
    2: "#fcefe6",
    4: "#f2e8cb",
    8: "#f5b682",
    16: "#f29446",
    32: "#ff775c",
    64: "#e64c2e",
    128: "#ede291",
    256: "#fce130",
    512: "#ffdb4a",
    1024: "#f0b922",
    2048: "#fad74d"
}

CELL_NUMBER_COLORS = {
    2: "#695c57",
    4: "#695c57",
    8: "#ffffff",
    16: "#ffffff",
    32: "#ffffff",
    64: "#ffffff",
    128: "#ffffff",
    256: "#ffffff",
    512: "#ffffff",
    1024: "#ffffff",
    2048: "#ffffff"
}

CELL_NUMBER_FONTS = {
    2: ("Helvetica", 55, "bold"),
    4: ("Helvetica", 55, "bold"),
    8: ("Helvetica", 55, "bold"),
    16: ("Helvetica", 50, "bold"),
    32: ("Helvetica", 50, "bold"),
    64: ("Helvetica", 50, "bold"),
    128: ("Helvetica", 45, "bold"),
    256: ("Helvetica", 45, "bold"),
    512: ("Helvetica", 45, "bold"),
    1024: ("Helvetica", 40, "bold"),
    2048: ("Helvetica", 40, "bold")
}

希望有幫助到您=^w^=

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codenewww iT邦新手 5 級 ‧ 2022-06-21 08:02:46 檢舉

謝謝您，我會試試看的!

codenewww iT邦新手 5 級 ‧ 2022-06-21 08:33:37 檢舉

但是我試過了Game().destroy()
沒辦法ㄟ，
有其他的關閉視窗的方法嗎?

codenewww iT邦新手 5 級 ‧ 2022-06-21 08:51:40 檢舉

解決了!
(後來發現要用self.destroy()

貓虎皮 iT邦新手 3 級 ‧ 2022-06-22 10:25:37 檢舉

完整程式碼我有打

def restart(self):
    self.destroy()
    Game()

codenewww iT邦新手 5 級 ‧ 2022-06-22 10:58:07 檢舉

喔感謝

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sophiarodriguez

iT邦新手 5 級 ‧ 2024-05-31 11:27:51

Like a hidden treasure waiting to be discovered, your article has unveiled a trove of wisdom that has left me in awe. It is as if you have Infinite Craft unlocked the secrets of the universe and presented them to me on a silver platter of enlightenment. I am forever grateful for this profound gift.