我的作業系統是 Windows 11
用 Docker Compose 建立一個 GitLab 及 GitLab Runner的容器
docker-compose.yml 檔案內容如下

version: '3.8'

services:
  gitlab:
    image: gitlab/gitlab-ce:latest
    container_name: gitlab
    restart: always
    hostname: gitlab
    ports:
      - "80:80"
      - "443:443"
      - "22:22"
    volumes:
      - .gitlab-config:/etc/gitlab
      - .gitlab-logs:/var/log/gitlab
      - .gitlab-data:/var/opt/gitlab
    shm_size: '256m'
    networks:
      - gitlab-network

  gitlab-runner:
    image: gitlab/gitlab-runner:latest
    container_name: gitlab-runner
    restart: always
    depends_on:
      - gitlab
    volumes:
      - .gitlab-runner-config:/etc/gitlab-runner
      - /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock
    networks:
      - gitlab-network

networks:
  gitlab-network:
    driver: bridge

執行器Runner狀態

執行器Runner設定內容

建立了一個專案 ci-cd-demo
.gitlab-ci.yml內容如下

helloworld:
  script:
    - echo "hello world, GitLab!"   

執行錯誤畫面

錯誤訊息
fatal: unable to access 'http://gitlab/root/ci-cd-demo.git/': Failed to connect to gitlab port 80 after 3 ms: Could not connect to server
Retrying in 5s
Cleaning up project directory and file based variables
00:01
ERROR: Job failed: exit code 1

請問各位前輩該如何排除問題?

2025/09/22問題補充:
gitlab 可以 ping 到 gitlab-runner

gitlab-runner 可以 ping 到 gitlab

gitlab-runner的config.toml內容如下

concurrent = 1
check_interval = 0
shutdown_timeout = 0

[session_server]
  session_timeout = 1800

[[runners]]
  name = "gitlab-runner-1"
  url = "http://gitlab"
  id = 1
  token = "glrtr-rnjJjFJYikUjtJ-MwE9x"
  token_obtained_at = 2025-09-18T06:25:11Z
  token_expires_at = 0001-01-01T00:00:00Z
  executor = "docker"
  [runners.cache]
    MaxUploadedArchiveSize = 0
    [runners.cache.s3]
    [runners.cache.gcs]
    [runners.cache.azure]
  [runners.docker]
    tls_verify = false
    image = "alpine:latest"
    privileged = false
    disable_entrypoint_overwrite = false
    oom_kill_disable = false
    disable_cache = false
    volumes = ["/cache"]
    shm_size = 0
    network_mtu = 0