Job
控制器是一次性任務的 POD
控制器,期會創建一至多個 POD
,只要容器運行過程正常的運行即不會有重啟的動作,否則需要依照重啟策略去運行,如果遇到節點故障未完成任務的 POD
則會被重新的調度。Job
完成任務的定義是 Job
控制器會記錄 POD
成功執行完任務的個數,並達到成功次數的值。運行 Job
方式可以是是否要以平行的方式去運行多個 POD
。CronJob
可以想成是 crontab
,用來管理 Job
控制器要運行的時間,也就是在未來的某一個時間上運行或是固定某一時段運行。前面文章所提到的控制器會比較希望應用程式是以一個 Daemon
來運行,而 Job
類型則是會以 Task
為主的應用程式。
POD
作業,直到達到定義成功的次數POD
同時作業Job
需要定義必要的 template
,可透過 kubectl explain job.spec
去查看,至於標籤選擇器則會自動藉由 template
去創建。以下我們拿官網的範例實驗
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
name: pi
spec:
template:
spec:
containers:
- name: pi
image: perl
command: ["perl", "-Mbignum=bpi", "-wle", "print bpi(2000)"]
restartPolicy: Never
# backoffLimit: 4
Job
建立POD
無法使用restartPolicy
的默認值(always),因為Job
並非要無限期運作。需要設置Never
或OnFailure
防止容器完成任務後重新啟動
同樣的使用 apply
進行部署。用 get
取得 Job
的資源,因為還在運行所以 COMPLETIONS
還是 0。
$ kubectl get jobs pi
NAME COMPLETIONS DURATION AGE
pi 0/1 25s 25s
列出 Job
定義的 POD
,其 STATUS
表示完成了任務。NAME
是以 Job
控制器名稱開頭,與前面介紹的控制器相同。
$ kubectl get pods -l job-name=pi
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
pi-r29jg 0/1 Completed 0 75s
使用 describe
詳細查看該 Job
資源,觀察到 Selector
和 Labels
有值,其值是自動生成的,這邊不深入探討。
$ kubectl describe jobs pi
Name: pi
Namespace: default
Selector: controller-uid=3a72f47b-8d1b-4771-aab6-12dd97b286dc
Labels: controller-uid=3a72f47b-8d1b-4771-aab6-12dd97b286dc
job-name=pi
Annotations: <none>
Parallelism: 1
Completions: 1
Start Time: Sat, 12 Sep 2020 08:22:15 +0000
Completed At: Sat, 12 Sep 2020 08:22:46 +0000
Duration: 31s
Pods Statuses: 0 Running / 1 Succeeded / 0 Failed
Pod Template:
Labels: controller-uid=3a72f47b-8d1b-4771-aab6-12dd97b286dc
job-name=pi
Containers:
pi:
Image: perl
Port: <none>
Host Port: <none>
Command:
perl
-Mbignum=bpi
-wle
print bpi(2000)
Environment: <none>
Mounts: <none>
Volumes: <none>
Events:
Type Reason Age From Message
---- ------ ---- ---- -------
Normal SuccessfulCreate 103s job-controller Created pod: pi-r29jg
須將 spec
中 parallelism
字段設置為 1 (預設也是),同時也設置 completion
表示期望成功的數量。
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
name: pi-1
spec:
template:
spec:
containers:
- name: pi
image: perl
command: ["perl", "-Mbignum=bpi", "-wle", "print bpi(2000)"]
restartPolicy: Never
completions: 5
使用 -w
觀察,job-name
會以 Job
資源清單定義的名稱做為值。
$ kubectl get pods -l job-name=pi-1 -w
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
pi-1-dd7dd 1/1 Running 0 8s
pi-1-dd7dd 0/1 Completed 0 8s
pi-1-krfkf 0/1 Pending 0 0s
pi-1-krfkf 0/1 Pending 0 0s
pi-1-krfkf 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 0s
pi-1-krfkf 1/1 Running 0 2s
pi-1-krfkf 0/1 Completed 0 8s
pi-1-rw5b7 0/1 Pending 0 0s
pi-1-rw5b7 0/1 Pending 0 0s
pi-1-rw5b7 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 0s
pi-1-rw5b7 1/1 Running 0 2s
pi-1-rw5b7 0/1 Completed 0 8s
pi-1-9sxpn 0/1 Pending 0 0s
pi-1-9sxpn 0/1 Pending 0 0s
pi-1-9sxpn 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 0s
pi-1-9sxpn 1/1 Running 0 2s
pi-1-9sxpn 0/1 Completed 0 7s
pi-1-gphql 0/1 Pending 0 0s
pi-1-gphql 0/1 Pending 0 0s
pi-1-gphql 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 0s
pi-1-gphql 1/1 Running 0 2s
pi-1-gphql 0/1 Completed 0 9s
$ kubectl get jobs pi-1 -o wide # 完成 5 個任務
NAME COMPLETIONS DURATION AGE CONTAINERS IMAGES SELECTOR
pi-1 5/5 40s 4m31s pi perl controller-uid=73e23e4f-ae77-404b-b5f0-6ac7306542a8
$ kubectl get pods -l job-name=pi-1 -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
pi-1-9sxpn 0/1 Completed 0 6m11s 10.4.3.9 gke-cluster-1-default-pool-7dc8b11b-8kvr <none> <none>
pi-1-dd7dd 0/1 Completed 0 6m35s 10.4.3.6 gke-cluster-1-default-pool-7dc8b11b-8kvr <none> <none>
pi-1-gphql 0/1 Completed 0 6m4s 10.4.3.10 gke-cluster-1-default-pool-7dc8b11b-8kvr <none> <none>
pi-1-krfkf 0/1 Completed 0 6m27s 10.4.3.7 gke-cluster-1-default-pool-7dc8b11b-8kvr <none> <none>
pi-1-rw5b7 0/1 Completed 0 6m19s 10.4.3.8 gke-cluster-1-default-pool-7dc8b11b-8kvr <none> <none>
parallelism
字段設置為 1 以上的值即可。如果有順序性的話這種方式可能就不適合了。
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
name: pi-2
spec:
template:
spec:
containers:
- name: pi
image: perl
command: ["perl", "-Mbignum=bpi", "-wle", "print bpi(2000)"]
restartPolicy: Never
completions: 7
parallelism: 3
同樣的可以用以下方式去觀察
$ kubectl get pods -l job-name=pi-2 -w
$ kubectl get pods -l job-name=pi-2 -o wide -w
$ kubectl get jobs pi-2
NAME COMPLETIONS DURATION AGE
pi-2 7/7 45s 4m10s
只要 Job
完成任務後,其 POD
即可刪除,就算不刪除也不占資源。假設 Job
任務沒順利完成,且不斷的在錯誤中循環,這將是一個麻煩,所幸的是 K8s
有給 Job
一些屬性去防止發生錯誤循環這件事
spec
中 activeDeadlineSeconds
屬性
spec
中 backoffLimit
6
刪除 Job
資源
$ kubectl delete jobs [JOB_NAME]
$ kubectl delete -f JOB_RESOURCE.yaml
Job
這邊最後實驗剛介紹的兩個參數
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
name: pi
spec:
template:
spec:
containers:
- name: pi
image: perl
command: ["perl", "-Mbignum=bpi", "-wle", "print bpi(2000)"]
restartPolicy: Never
completions: 10
parallelism: 3
activeDeadlineSeconds: 5
backoffLimit: 3
透過以下結果發現全部任務失敗,其原因是我們用 activeDeadlineSeconds
和 backoffLimit
去限制運行時的資源。從 describe
的 EVENTS
來看有 Job was active longer than specified deadline
這個訊息。這邊要注意的是是 activeDeadlineSeconds
讓這任務失敗,非 backoffLimit
優先權來說是前者優先。
$ kubectl get pods -l job-name=pi -w
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
pi-2bfdl 0/1 Terminating 0 18s
pi-wss7c 1/1 Terminating 0 18s
pi-zk7j8 1/1 Terminating 0 18s
pi-zk7j8 0/1 Terminating 0 19s
pi-wss7c 0/1 Terminating 0 19s
pi-wss7c 0/1 Terminating 0 19s
pi-2bfdl 0/1 Terminating 0 22s
pi-2bfdl 0/1 Terminating 0 22s
pi-wss7c 0/1 Terminating 0 22s
pi-wss7c 0/1 Terminating 0 22s
pi-zk7j8 0/1 Terminating 0 22s
pi-zk7j8 0/1 Terminating 0 22s
$ kubectl get jobs pi
NAME COMPLETIONS DURATION AGE
pi 0/10 4m46s 4m46s
$ kubectl describe job.batch pi
Events:
Type Reason Age From Message
---- ------ ---- ---- -------
Normal SuccessfulCreate 7m21s job-controller Created pod: pi-zk7j8
Normal SuccessfulCreate 7m21s job-controller Created pod: pi-2bfdl
Normal SuccessfulCreate 7m21s job-controller Created pod: pi-wss7c
Normal SuccessfulDelete 7m16s job-controller Deleted pod: pi-2bfdl
Normal SuccessfulDelete 7m16s job-controller Deleted pod: pi-wss7c
Normal SuccessfulDelete 7m16s job-controller Deleted pod: pi-zk7j8
Warning DeadlineExceeded 7m16s job-controller Job was active longer than specified deadline
下面 yaml
執行每一分鐘運行一次運算 pi
的 Job
apiVersion: batch/v1beta1
kind: CronJob
metadata:
name: pi
spec:
schedule: "*/1 * * * *" # 調度時間
jobTemplate: # 生成 Job 模板
spec:
template:
spec:
containers:
- name: pi
image: perl
command: ["perl", "-Mbignum=bpi", "-wle", "print bpi(2000)"]
restartPolicy: Never
completions: 10
backoffLimit: 3
其概念像是 Deployment
下面有 ReplicaSet
管理 POD
,這邊則是 Job
管理 POD
。
$ kubectl get cronjob
NAME SCHEDULE SUSPEND ACTIVE LAST SCHEDULE AGE
pi */1 * * * * False 0 <none> 13s
$ kubectl get jobs
NAME COMPLETIONS DURATION AGE
pi-1599902940 0/10 4s 4s
$ kubectl get jobs # 每過一分鐘就執行
NAME COMPLETIONS DURATION AGE
pi-1599902940 10/10 87s 3m26s
pi-1599903000 10/10 102s 2m26s
pi-1599903060 7/10 86s 86s
pi-1599903120 1/10 26s 26s
$ kubectl delete cronjob pi # 刪除 cronjob 資源