day[11] Hello Line - 第一個Line訊息 - iT 邦幫忙::一起幫忙解決難題，拯救 IT 人的一天

2021 iThome 鐵人賽

DAY 11

永豐金融APIs

openAPI 對接實務系列第 11 篇

day[11] Hello Line - 第一個Line訊息

13th鐵人賽永豐 apis 線上金流收付款

duckmoor

2021-09-23 23:52:33

1781 瀏覽

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本次鐵人賽將通過Line機器人搭建專案，所以沒有Line Developers的快去申請吧，會用到的是Messaging API在註冊完成後請安裝需求套件

pip install line-bot-sdk
pip install pyjwt
pip install jwcrypto
pip install cryptography

產生 Assertion Signing Key(KID)

本次專案以channel access tokens v2.1版本進行實作，依照要求，需要產生Assertion Signing Key

按照官網文件說明，因為只需要進行一次，可以透過瀏覽器開發工具快速的產生，或者使用Python也可以，這邊使用Google瀏覽器，按下F12開啟開發者工具，選擇Console頁籤，將以下程式碼貼上，即會產生private key與public key

(async () => {
  const pair = await crypto.subtle.generateKey(
    {
      name: 'RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5',
      modulusLength: 2048,
      publicExponent: new Uint8Array([1, 0, 1]),
      hash: 'SHA-256'
    },
    true,
    ['sign', 'verify']
  );
   
  console.log('=== private key ===');
  console.log(JSON.stringify(await crypto.subtle.exportKey('jwk', pair.privateKey), null, '  '));
   
  console.log('=== public key ===');
  console.log(JSON.stringify(await crypto.subtle.exportKey('jwk', pair.publicKey), null, '  ')); 
})();

將產生的public key貼到Line Developers Console創建的channels中的Assertion Signing Key欄位，如果看到右側有一串字串出現代表成功了，這就是KID，存起來等等會用到

實作取得JWT

Line使用JWT，並以此簽名Token，詳細加密原理請參照網站

此處產生Token的方式需要準備以下參數:

Property	說明
kid	將Public Key填入網站後右側的字串
iss	Channel ID
sub	Channel ID
aud	https://api.line.me/
exp	JWT的有效期限
token_exp	以本JWT簽名的Token的有效期限

以Python實作:

import jwt
from jwt.algorithms import RSAAlgorithm
import time

privateKey = {
  "alg": "RS256",
  "d": "dcA-LXLBRecBQbW7a8LKAriFJhnpXzwu2uNoVF_8-QmGVzI5682FWh_CWhl_B6J0fpmA-d7_EP0WCB3AGhxlyTP6ROoYJo7nygb_KMLREM7n64LFGbvNtw4jk7dmISXl_JuEX6CG09BBx4GLh9AGHSaK4v9B-dDvrNZlAo2mIjISHNcAPENbOl_XIOmZpJd56znjjc1gGKaYGbIm8unxHnPhL66IVYGRu8gxKfG6JUP7o370-VDfFOeaAR0HshTycP6M41jcDSjL6z9-J-Sh0zSZXqGS4u82TNtmwtRTzVwd0w30KQ0TTROTiNsz5apVHjpMvmAxRlbvcW41xIq8sQ",
  "dp": "PAWBMzwnwgc-yixarV30gemH6Wk15HfSUYpR4wJZUHemGx_LE5GXdnKoyy8G9DAl6XMpm7YVH8cPXgXYNh-JlAggvzUeH5A7KAV4ZPTNak4CI844GSbYIu_dPBcVAg0O6sxQWugYpPbPnMDpE7qf4KilSSVG3JKqEMxkYySjZZE",
  "dq": "LBA_q2YYnglCL41-1b3BmzCm-hs7Q-N__otDWO01I03VYnzU-vEQmxy6Fzrh2Y4Fgwp6D8iScu42AOyhE-T-qDNbAsCB0iZeFqm84g6VQAfDbknjIUZtcGvQgzy-zlrl253_QdyJvl2b44KT1hfoF0tDNA1rhOy7WlBM__rH0Pc",
  "e": "AQAB",
  "kty": "RSA",
  "n": "x2glWJ7baQV4vdElnAXA5yu8yFk4LpszkHW3Ey-BKGT3kGVLy3Jk3OvkwjBFOglXWeyTWe_rJkMYkBKuon5syZVjrjb24CmViAXGr6d6IvrYWj8IGZ6ElVABfnjGgZMVywmBb7hIh2p8QR0L8UJEuWjBU5nlwkMBpvnY2HXAVhvir8CN7WRj_GBMxxgg7wSuW1tV-7Qf44grMqJ0Je7zjflS4-TpI8Ox3nhamn0d7NIdQ3jNdTP7IZF61IvETgb_6NdFnfsN-aifJC-Ea3ZwhVcEGJ5z3MMoKSoChJmkJMiV9CldqGRnEDWwBugZHeEtn71eGVE3DAXAzrf525YHYQ",
  "p": "7eH8LAzNkITH6t7CWU5tPAmQlGQPkby66Yfq52tSZ43pQRz0CdtDYCQnGoBXvHzAHhzH4MjmNLOSGVimZK_dIRg5lJaPvVe6hgQ3pYud5WzPWsnQTsC7agQ2rfQglyFUtjwd1gWBIY4gwHj4BYG6Up3g0TlX1sf_juZxcLhkOsc",
  "q": "1pf-Pj2ZPL1nGqVcMVH_hfziIOBtjxc5vMGyHwTaLAA9y2xKfe_SRU8kUK2q5ZykJ8wMckR9Pduuyn-vp4q2FANVSN69G01pUKM2ppkgXuil2S3REmzniGdajZjkpWKaZ6z1tJ_xSv9ghx06Dbro8n___KnpBq6afb022anRxJc",
  "qi": "6L6SgH_pkyqq1Tb6QXPAGmtqVZT58Ljf3QTw6Tx5OdZ9NNvDReHHb64MgbUMLhLzGMeXGqDI5j0WLhtXv4ddCKWkF7OeKLUNuRP7yLpyYMazn8TEOjKHsgLAklenxcSgYaoO_wULh1mze1_ZO2PJNgvkIx_Xzr0XDUAqUp4W0jk",
  "use": "sig"
}

headers = {
    "alg": "RS256",
    "typ": "JWT",
    "kid": "9869e446-3489-4516-a83f-ec9214ad94d0"
}

payload = {
  "iss": "1234567890",
  "sub": "1234567890",
  "aud": "https://api.line.me/",
  "exp":int(time.time())+(60 * 30),
  "token_exp": 60 * 60 * 24 * 30
}

key = RSAAlgorithm.from_jwk(privateKey)

JWT = jwt.encode(payload, key, algorithm="RS256", headers=headers, json_encoder=None)
print(JWT)

實作取得channel_access_token

在這邊，要向Line官方取得token，在產生JWT後，需要在JWT的有效期限內進行token的產生，詳細的錯誤說明與欄位解釋可以參照官方文件，會使用到的參數如下:

Property	說明
JWT	JWT，JSON格式

以Python實作:

def Issue_channel_access_token(JWT):
  #https://developers.line.biz/en/reference/messaging-api/#issue-channel-access-token-v2-1
  url = "https://api.line.me/oauth2/v2.1/token"
  headers = APIPm.xwwwformurlencodedheaders
  data = {
      "grant_type":"client_credentials",
      "client_assertion_type":"urn:ietf:params:oauth:client-assertion-type:jwt-bearer",
      "client_assertion": JWT
  }
  resp = APIPm.sendreq(url=url, headers=headers, data=data)
  # resp = json.loads(resp.text)
  return jsonresphandler(resp)

Hello Line，發送訊息

有了Token，就可以進行API的使用了，這邊先跳到Line Developers，請在自己的機器人的Basic setting中最下方找到Your user ID存起來備用，要發訊息囉

以Python實作:

def Send_push_message(token, IDs):
  access_token = token['access_token']
  url = "https://api.line.me/v2/bot/message/push"
  headers = APIPm.jsonheaders.copy()
  headers['Authorization'] = f"Bearer {access_token}"
  data = {
      "to": IDs,
      "messages":[
          {
              "type":"text",
              "text":"Hello, world"
          },
          {
              "type":"text",
              "text":"Hello, ITironman"
          }
      ]
  }
  resp = APIPm.sendreq(url=url, headers=headers, data=json.dumps(data, indent=4))
  return jsonresphandler(resp)

現在應該可以在手機上找到發給自己的訊息了，明天開始把接收功能做出來