我做了一個demo，是你要的功能嗎?

Test.cs

public class Test
{
    public string Test1 { get; set; }
    public string Test2 { get; set; }
    public string Test3 { get; set; }
}

HomeController.cs

public class HomeController : Controller
    {
        private readonly List<Test> Result = new List<Test>()
            {
                new Test()
                {
                    Test1 = "data1-Test1",
                    Test2 = "data1-Test2",
                    Test3 = "data1-Test3"
                },
                new Test()
                {
                    Test1 = "data2-Test1",
                    Test2 = "data2-Test2",
                    Test3 = "data2-Test3"
                }
            };

        public ActionResult Index()
        {
            return this.View(this.Result);
        }

        [HttpPost]
        public ActionResult Search(string text)
        {
            List<Test> result = this.Result.Where(w => w.Test1.Contains(text)).ToList();

            // 模擬查詢時間
            Thread.Sleep(3000);

            return this.View(result);
        }

Index.cshtml

@model List<Test>
@{
    ViewBag.Title = "Home Page";
}

<div>
    <br />
    <input type="text" id="text" />
    <button>查詢</button>
    <br /><br /><br />
    @Html.Partial("Search", Model)
</div>

<span id="loading" style="display:none;">loading...</span>

<script type="text/javascript">
    $('button').click(() => {
        $('.table').empty().html($('#loading').html());

        let postData = {
            text: $('#text').val()
        };

        $.post('@Url.Action("Search", "Home")', postData, (html) => $('.table').html(html));
    });
</script>

PartialView: Search.cshtml

@model List<Test>
@{
    Layout = null;
}
<table class="table">
    <thead>
        <tr>
            <th>欄位1</th>
            <th>欄位2</th>
            <th>欄位3</th>
        </tr>
    </thead>
    <tbody>
        @foreach (Test a in Model)
        {
            <tr>
                <td>@a.Test1</td>
                <td>@a.Test2</td>
                <td>@a.Test2</td>
            </tr>
        }
    </tbody>
</table>

至於要保存使用者的查詢條件與當前頁數的話，送到Controller的Model多加幾個屬性來放條件，
前端就不需要改變，因為只會刷新查詢結果，不會整頁刷新不用再把當前頁數塞回去，確認查詢結果是否正確就好。