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「Kubernetes」kubeadm安裝 高可用版(ubuntu2204+k8s版本1.26.3+docker+cri-docker)

kubernetes ubnutu docker cri-dockerd
翻轉吧金魚腦 2023-09-20 14:49:04 ‧ 990 瀏覽

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[media/Pasted image 20230919205815.png]

一、節點規劃

部署k8s集群的節點按照用途可以劃分為如下2類角色：

  • master：集群的master節點，集群的初始化節點，基礎配置不低於2C4G
  • node：集群的node節點，可以多台，基礎配置不低於2C4G

K8S實體機網段: 192.168.1.0/24

POD網段: 10.244.0.0/16

SERVICE網段: 10.245.0.0/16

主機名 節點ip 角色 部署組件
k8s-master71u 192.168.1.71 master etcd, kube-apiserver, kube-controller-manager, kubectl, kubeadm, kubelet, kube-proxy, calico
k8s-master72u 192.168.1.72 master etcd, kube-apiserver, kube-controller-manager, kubectl, kubeadm, kubelet, kube-proxy, calico
k8s-master73u 192.168.1.73 master etcd, kube-apiserver, kube-controller-manager, kubectl, kubeadm, kubelet, kube-proxy, calico
192.168.1.74 VIP 作為3台master節點的LB使用
k8s-node75u k8s-node75u node kubectl, kubelet, kube-proxy, calico
k8s-node76u k8s-node76u node kubectl, kubelet, kube-proxy, calico

二、組件版本

組件 版本 說明
Ubuntu 22.04.3 LTS
Kernel 5.15.0-83-generic
etcd 3.5.6-0 使用Pod方式部署，默認數據掛載到本地路徑
coredns v1.9.3
kubeadm v1.26.3
kubectl v1.26.3
kubelet v1.26.3
kube-proxy v1.26.3
calico v3.26.0
cri-dockerd 0.3.3.3-0

安裝前準備

一、設置hosts解析

操作節點：所有節點（k8s-master，k8s-node）均需執行

  • 添加hosts解析 
root@k8s-master71u:~# cat >>/etc/hosts<<EOF
192.168.1.71 k8s-master71u
192.168.1.72 k8s-master72u
192.168.1.73 k8s-master73u
192.168.1.75 k8s-node75u
192.168.1.76 k8s-node76u
EOF


root@k8s-master71u:~# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost
127.0.1.1 k8s-master71u

# The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts
::1     ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
fe00::0 ip6-localnet
ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix
ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
ff02::2 ip6-allrouters
192.168.1.71 k8s-master71u
192.168.1.72 k8s-master72u
192.168.1.73 k8s-master73u
192.168.1.75 k8s-node75u
192.168.1.76 k8s-node76u

二、調整系統配置

操作節點： 所有的master和node節點（k8s-master,k8s-node）需要執行

本章下述操作均以k8s-master為例，其他節點均是相同的操作（ip和hostname的值換成對應機器的真實值）

  • 設置安全組開放端口

如果節點間無安全組限制（內網機器間可以任意訪問），可以忽略，否則，至少保證如下端口可通： k8s-master節點：TCP：6443，2379，2380，60080，60081UDP協議端口全部打開 k8s-node節點：UDP協議端口全部打開

  • 關閉防火牆 
root@k8s-master71u:~# ufw status
Status: inactive
  • 關閉swap 
root@k8s-master71u:~# swapoff -a && sysctl -w vm.swappiness=0
vm.swappiness = 0
root@k8s-master71u:~# sed -i 's/.*swap.*/#&/g' /etc/fstab
#/dev/disk/by-id/dm-uuid-LVM-kAtY9KpfwxzNTDEpBzFkOODzcZgK93hc3OfpHLBwOVbgBZUOZC21pLNScKzDP2aI none swap sw 0 0
  • 修改內核參數 
root@k8s-master71u:~# cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/modules-load.d/k8s.conf
overlay
br_netfilter
EOF


root@k8s-master71u:~# systemctl restart systemd-modules-load.service
root@k8s-master71u:~# systemctl status systemd-modules-load.service
● systemd-modules-load.service - Load Kernel Modules
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/systemd-modules-load.service; static)
     Active: active (exited) since Wed 2023-09-20 00:23:11 UTC; 6s ago
       Docs: man:systemd-modules-load.service(8)
             man:modules-load.d(5)
    Process: 2322 ExecStart=/lib/systemd/systemd-modules-load (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
   Main PID: 2322 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
        CPU: 39ms

Sep 20 00:23:11 k8s-master71u systemd[1]: Starting Load Kernel Modules...
Sep 20 00:23:11 k8s-master71u systemd-modules-load[2322]: Inserted module 'overlay'
Sep 20 00:23:11 k8s-master71u systemd-modules-load[2322]: Inserted module 'br_netfilter'
Sep 20 00:23:11 k8s-master71u systemd[1]: Finished Load Kernel Modules.


root@k8s-master71u:~# lsmod |grep -e overlay
overlay               151552  0

root@k8s-master71u:~# lsmod |grep -e br_netfilter
br_netfilter           32768  0
bridge                307200  1 br_netfilter

root@k8s-master71u:~# cat <<EOF >  /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
vm.max_map_count=262144
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
vm.overcommit_memory=1
vm.panic_on_oom=0
fs.inotify.max_user_watches=89100
fs.file-max=52706963
fs.nr_open=52706963
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max=2310720
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 600
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes = 3
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl =15
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 36000
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 327680
net.ipv4.tcp_orphan_retries = 3
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16384
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16384
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
net.core.somaxconn = 16384
EOF


root@k8s-master71u:~# sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
vm.max_map_count = 262144
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
vm.overcommit_memory = 1
vm.panic_on_oom = 0
fs.inotify.max_user_watches = 89100
fs.file-max = 52706963
fs.nr_open = 52706963
sysctl: cannot stat /proc/sys/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_max: No such file or directory
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 600
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes = 3
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl = 15
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 36000
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 327680
net.ipv4.tcp_orphan_retries = 3
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16384
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16384
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
net.core.somaxconn = 16384

# 報錯
sysctl: cannot stat /proc/sys/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_max: 沒有此一檔案或目錄


# 解決方式
root@k8s-master71u:~# modprobe ip_conntrack
root@k8s-master71u:~# sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
vm.max_map_count = 262144
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
vm.overcommit_memory = 1
vm.panic_on_oom = 0
fs.inotify.max_user_watches = 89100
fs.file-max = 52706963
fs.nr_open = 52706963
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max = 2310720
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 600
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes = 3
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl = 15
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 36000
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 327680
net.ipv4.tcp_orphan_retries = 3
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16384
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16384
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
net.core.somaxconn = 16384
  • 添加ipvs，安裝套件 
root@k8s-master71u:~# apt -y install ipvsadm ipset sysstat conntrack libseccomp2 libseccomp-dev

root@k8s-master71u:~# cat > /etc/modules-load.d/ipvs.conf << EOF
ip_vs
ip_vs_lc
ip_vs_wlc
ip_vs_rr
ip_vs_wrr
ip_vs_lblc
ip_vs_lblcr
ip_vs_dh
ip_vs_sh
ip_vs_fo
ip_vs_nq
ip_vs_sed
ip_vs_ftp
nf_conntrack
ip_tables
ip_set
xt_set
ipt_set
ipt_rpfilter
ipt_REJECT
ipip
EOF


root@k8s-master71u:~# systemctl restart systemd-modules-load.service
root@k8s-master71u:~# systemctl status systemd-modules-load.service
● systemd-modules-load.service - Load Kernel Modules
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/systemd-modules-load.service; static)
     Active: active (exited) since Wed 2023-09-20 00:28:06 UTC; 7s ago
       Docs: man:systemd-modules-load.service(8)
             man:modules-load.d(5)
    Process: 3116 ExecStart=/lib/systemd/systemd-modules-load (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
   Main PID: 3116 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
        CPU: 76ms

Sep 20 00:28:06 k8s-master71u systemd-modules-load[3116]: Inserted module 'ip_vs_fo'
Sep 20 00:28:06 k8s-master71u systemd-modules-load[3116]: Inserted module 'ip_vs_nq'
Sep 20 00:28:06 k8s-master71u systemd-modules-load[3116]: Inserted module 'ip_vs_sed'
Sep 20 00:28:06 k8s-master71u systemd-modules-load[3116]: Inserted module 'ip_vs_ftp'
Sep 20 00:28:06 k8s-master71u systemd-modules-load[3116]: Inserted module 'ip_set'
Sep 20 00:28:06 k8s-master71u systemd-modules-load[3116]: Inserted module 'xt_set'
Sep 20 00:28:06 k8s-master71u systemd-modules-load[3116]: Inserted module 'ipt_rpfilter'
Sep 20 00:28:06 k8s-master71u systemd-modules-load[3116]: Inserted module 'ipt_REJECT'
Sep 20 00:28:06 k8s-master71u systemd-modules-load[3116]: Inserted module 'ipip'
Sep 20 00:28:06 k8s-master71u systemd[1]: Finished Load Kernel Modules.


root@k8s-master71u:~# lsmod |grep -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrack_ipv4
ip_vs_ftp              16384  0
nf_nat                 49152  1 ip_vs_ftp
ip_vs_sed              16384  0
ip_vs_nq               16384  0
ip_vs_fo               16384  0
ip_vs_sh               16384  0
ip_vs_dh               16384  0
ip_vs_lblcr            16384  0
ip_vs_lblc             16384  0
ip_vs_wrr              16384  0
ip_vs_rr               16384  0
ip_vs_wlc              16384  0
ip_vs_lc               16384  0
ip_vs                 176128  24 ip_vs_wlc,ip_vs_rr,ip_vs_dh,ip_vs_lblcr,ip_vs_sh,ip_vs_fo,ip_vs_nq,ip_vs_lblc,ip_vs_wrr,ip_vs_lc,ip_vs_sed,ip_vs_ftp
nf_conntrack          172032  2 nf_nat,ip_vs
nf_defrag_ipv6         24576  2 nf_conntrack,ip_vs
libcrc32c              16384  7 nf_conntrack,nf_nat,btrfs,nf_tables,xfs,raid456,ip_vs

三、安裝docker

所有的master和node節點（k8s-master,k8s-node）需要執行

https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/ubuntu/

# 1. Update the apt package index and install packages to allow apt to use a repository over HTTPS:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ca-certificates curl gnupg
 
# 2. Add Docker’s official GPG key:
sudo install -m 0755 -d /etc/apt/keyrings
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg
sudo chmod a+r /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg
 
# 3. Use the following command to set up the repository:
echo \
  "deb [arch="$(dpkg --print-architecture)" signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu \
  "$(. /etc/os-release && echo "$VERSION_CODENAME")" stable" | \
  sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null

# 4. 檢查是否已經添加源
root@k8s-master71u:~# cat /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list
deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu   jammy stable

# 5. Update the apt package index
sudo apt-get update


# 查看所有的可用版本
root@k8s-master71u:~# apt-cache madison docker-ce | awk '{ print $3 }'
5:24.0.6-1~ubuntu.22.04~jammy
5:24.0.5-1~ubuntu.22.04~jammy
5:24.0.4-1~ubuntu.22.04~jammy
5:24.0.3-1~ubuntu.22.04~jammy
5:24.0.2-1~ubuntu.22.04~jammy
5:24.0.1-1~ubuntu.22.04~jammy
5:24.0.0-1~ubuntu.22.04~jammy
5:23.0.6-1~ubuntu.22.04~jammy
5:23.0.5-1~ubuntu.22.04~jammy
5:23.0.4-1~ubuntu.22.04~jammy
5:23.0.3-1~ubuntu.22.04~jammy
5:23.0.2-1~ubuntu.22.04~jammy
5:23.0.1-1~ubuntu.22.04~jammy
5:23.0.0-1~ubuntu.22.04~jammy
5:20.10.24~3-0~ubuntu-jammy
5:20.10.23~3-0~ubuntu-jammy
5:20.10.22~3-0~ubuntu-jammy
5:20.10.21~3-0~ubuntu-jammy
5:20.10.20~3-0~ubuntu-jammy
5:20.10.19~3-0~ubuntu-jammy
5:20.10.18~3-0~ubuntu-jammy
5:20.10.17~3-0~ubuntu-jammy
5:20.10.16~3-0~ubuntu-jammy
5:20.10.15~3-0~ubuntu-jammy
5:20.10.14~3-0~ubuntu-jammy
5:20.10.13~3-0~ubuntu-jammy


# 指定版本，安裝docker-ce
root@k8s-master71u:~# VERSION_STRING=5:20.10.13~3-0~ubuntu-jammy
root@k8s-master71u:~# sudo apt-get install docker-ce=$VERSION_STRING docker-ce-cli=$VERSION_STRING containerd.io

## 配置docker使用cgroupdriver=systemd
root@k8s-master71u:~# mkdir -p /etc/docker
root@k8s-master71u:~# vim /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
  "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"]
}


root@k8s-master71u:~# systemctl daemon-reload
root@k8s-master71u:~# systemctl restart docker


## 啟動docker
root@k8s-master71u:~# systemctl enable docker && systemctl start docker
root@k8s-master71u:~# systemctl status docker



## 測試起一個容器
root@k8s-master71u:~# sudo docker run hello-world
Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
719385e32844: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:4f53e2564790c8e7856ec08e384732aa38dc43c52f02952483e3f003afbf23db
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest

Hello from Docker!

四、安裝cri-docker

所有的master和node節點（k8s-master,k8s-node）需要執行

https://github.com/Mirantis/cri-dockerd

root@k8s-master71u:~# wget https://github.com/Mirantis/cri-dockerd/releases/download/v0.3.3/cri-dockerd_0.3.3.3-0.ubuntu-jammy_amd64.deb

root@k8s-master71u:~# sudo dpkg -i cri-dockerd_0.3.3.3-0.ubuntu-jammy_amd64.deb 

root@k8s-master71u:~# systemctl daemon-reload 

root@k8s-master71u:~# systemctl enable cri-docker && systemctl start cri-docker && systemctl status cri-docker
● cri-docker.service - CRI Interface for Docker Application Container Engine
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/cri-docker.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
     Active: active (running) since Wed 2023-09-20 00:44:58 UTC; 25s ago
TriggeredBy: ● cri-docker.socket
       Docs: https://docs.mirantis.com
   Main PID: 5055 (cri-dockerd)
      Tasks: 10
     Memory: 9.8M
        CPU: 83ms
     CGroup: /system.slice/cri-docker.service
             └─5055 /usr/bin/cri-dockerd --container-runtime-endpoint fd://

Sep 20 00:44:58 k8s-master71u cri-dockerd[5055]: time="2023-09-20T00:44:58Z" level=info msg="Start docker client with reque>
Sep 20 00:44:58 k8s-master71u cri-dockerd[5055]: time="2023-09-20T00:44:58Z" level=info msg="Hairpin mode is set to none"
Sep 20 00:44:58 k8s-master71u cri-dockerd[5055]: time="2023-09-20T00:44:58Z" level=info msg="Loaded network plugin cni"
Sep 20 00:44:58 k8s-master71u cri-dockerd[5055]: time="2023-09-20T00:44:58Z" level=info msg="Docker cri networking managed >
Sep 20 00:44:58 k8s-master71u cri-dockerd[5055]: time="2023-09-20T00:44:58Z" level=info msg="Docker Info: &{ID:ZVOJ:5V6C:QO>
Sep 20 00:44:58 k8s-master71u cri-dockerd[5055]: time="2023-09-20T00:44:58Z" level=info msg="Setting cgroupDriver systemd"
Sep 20 00:44:58 k8s-master71u cri-dockerd[5055]: time="2023-09-20T00:44:58Z" level=info msg="Docker cri received runtime co>
Sep 20 00:44:58 k8s-master71u cri-dockerd[5055]: time="2023-09-20T00:44:58Z" level=info msg="Starting the GRPC backend for >
Sep 20 00:44:58 k8s-master71u cri-dockerd[5055]: time="2023-09-20T00:44:58Z" level=info msg="Start cri-dockerd grpc backend"
Sep 20 00:44:58 k8s-master71u systemd[1]: Started CRI Interface for Docker Application Container Engine.

初始化集群

一、安裝 kubeadm, kubelet 和 kubectl

操作節點： 所有的master和node節點(k8s-master,k8s-node) 需要執行

https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/production-environment/tools/kubeadm/install-kubeadm/

# 1. Update the apt package index and install packages needed to use the Kubernetes apt repository:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl

# 2. Download the Google Cloud public signing key:
curl -fsSL https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/kubernetes-archive-keyring.gpg

# 3. Add the Kubernetes apt repository:
echo "deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/kubernetes-archive-keyring.gpg] https://apt.kubernetes.io/ kubernetes-xenial main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list

# 4. 檢查是否已經添加源 
root@k8s-master71u:~# cat /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list
deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/kubernetes-archive-keyring.gpg] https://apt.kubernetes.io/ kubernetes-xenial main

# 5. Update apt package index, install kubelet, kubeadm and kubectl, and pin their version:
sudo apt-get update

root@k8s-master71u:~# sudo apt-get install -y kubelet=1.26.3-00 kubeadm=1.26.3-00 kubectl=1.26.3-00


## 查看kubeadm 版本
root@k8s-master71u:~# kubeadm version
kubeadm version: &version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"26", GitVersion:"v1.26.3", GitCommit:"9e644106593f3f4aa98f8a84b23db5fa378900bd", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2023-03-15T13:38:47Z", GoVersion:"go1.19.7", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64"}


## 設置kubelet開機啟動，並使用ipvs與systemd
root@k8s-master71u:~# vim /etc/default/kubelet
KUBE_PROXY_MODE="ipvs" KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS="--cgroup-driver=systemd --pod-infra-container-image=registry.k8s.io/pause:3.6"

root@k8s-master71u:~# systemctl enable --now kubelet

二、安裝配置haproxy、keepalived

操作節點： 所有的master

注意：如果有兩個集群，都在同一網段內，/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf裡面的virtual_router_id 60記得要不一樣，不然/var/log/message會一直報錯。

root@k8s-master71u:~# apt-get install keepalived haproxy -y

# 所有master節點執行,注意替換最後的master節點IP地址
root@k8s-master71u:~# vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg 
global
  maxconn  2000
  ulimit-n  16384
  log  127.0.0.1 local0 err
  stats timeout 30s
defaults
  log global
  mode  http
  option  httplog
  timeout connect 5000
  timeout client  50000
  timeout server  50000
  timeout http-request 15s
  timeout http-keep-alive 15s
frontend monitor-in
  bind *:33305
  mode http
  option httplog
  monitor-uri /monitor
frontend k8s-master
  bind 0.0.0.0:7443
  bind 127.0.0.1:7443
  mode tcp
  option tcplog
  tcp-request inspect-delay 5s
  default_backend k8s-master
backend k8s-master
  mode tcp
  option tcplog
  option tcp-check
  balance roundrobin
  default-server inter 10s downinter 5s rise 2 fall 2 slowstart 60s maxconn 250 maxqueue 256 weight 100
  server k8s-master71u    192.168.1.71:6443   check
  server k8s-master72u    192.168.1.72:6443   check
  server k8s-master73u    192.168.1.73:6443   check 
  

# 在k8s-master71u節點，注意mcast_src_ip換成實際的master1ip地址，virtual_ipaddress換成lb地址，interface要替換成主機IP使用的介面
root@k8s-master71u:~# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
    router_id LVS_DEVEL
script_user root
    enable_script_security
}
vrrp_script chk_apiserver {
    script "/etc/keepalived/check_apiserver.sh"
    interval 5
    weight -5
    fall 2
    rise 1
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER
    interface ens160
    mcast_src_ip 192.168.1.71
    virtual_router_id 60
    priority 101
    advert_int 2
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass K8SHA_KA_AUTH
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.1.74
    }
    track_script {
       chk_apiserver
    }
}
# 在k8s-master52u和k8s-master53u分別創建/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf，注意修改mcast_src_ip和virtual_ipaddress


#所有master節點配置KeepAlived健康檢查文件：
root@k8s-master71u:~# vim /etc/keepalived/check_apiserver.sh
#!/bin/bash
err=0
for k in $(seq 1 3)
do
    check_code=$(pgrep haproxy)
    if [[ $check_code == "" ]]; then
        err=$(expr $err + 1)
        sleep 1
        continue
    else
        err=0
        break
    fi
done
if [[ $err != "0" ]]; then
    echo "systemctl stop keepalived"
    /usr/bin/systemctl stop keepalived
    exit 1
else
    exit 0
fi


# 啟動haproxy和keepalived---->所有master節點
root@k8s-master71u:~# chmod +x /etc/keepalived/check_apiserver.sh
root@k8s-master71u:~# systemctl daemon-reload

root@k8s-master71u:~# systemctl enable --now haproxy
root@k8s-master71u:~# systemctl enable --now keepalived 

root@k8s-master71u:~# systemctl restart haproxy
root@k8s-master71u:~# systemctl restart keepalived 

root@k8s-master71u:~# systemctl status haproxy
root@k8s-master71u:~# systemctl status keepalived 


# 測試lbip是否生效(從node節點測試的)
root@k8s-node76u:~# telnet 192.168.1.74 7443
Trying 192.168.1.74...
Connected to 192.168.1.74.
Escape character is '^]'.
Connection closed by foreign host.

三、初始化配置文件

操作節點： 只在master節點（k8s-master）執行

https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/config-api/kubeadm-config.v1beta3/

# 1.24.0版本之後，需修改為criSocket: unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock
# 1.27.x版本之後，需修改為apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta3，v1beta2不能用了
# imageRepository: k8s.gcr.io已不更新，改imageRepository: registry.k8s.io
# clusterName: kubernetes ->依自己需求修改
# dns: type: CoreDNS 已棄用，不用寫


root@k8s-master71u:~# vim kubeadm.yaml 
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta3
bootstrapTokens:
- groups:
  - system:bootstrappers:kubeadm:default-node-token
  token: 7t2weq.bjbawausm0jaxury
  ttl: 24h0m0s
  usages:
  - signing
  - authentication
kind: InitConfiguration
localAPIEndpoint:
  advertiseAddress: 192.168.1.71
  bindPort: 6443
nodeRegistration:
  criSocket: unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock
  name: k8s-master71u
  taints:
  - effect: NoSchedule
    key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
---
apiServer:
  certSANs:
  - 192.168.1.74
  timeoutForControlPlane: 4m0s
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta3
certificatesDir: /etc/kubernetes/pki
clusterName: kubernetes
controlPlaneEndpoint: 192.168.1.74:7443
controllerManager: {}
etcd:
  local:
    dataDir: /var/lib/etcd
imageRepository: registry.k8s.io
kind: ClusterConfiguration
kubernetesVersion: v1.26.3
networking:
  dnsDomain: cluster.local
  podSubnet: 10.244.0.0/16
  serviceSubnet: 10.245.0.0/16
scheduler: {}

四、提前下載鏡像

操作節點：所有master節點執行

root@k8s-master71u:~# kubeadm config images list --config kubeadm.yaml
registry.k8s.io/kube-apiserver:v1.26.3
registry.k8s.io/kube-controller-manager:v1.26.3
registry.k8s.io/kube-scheduler:v1.26.3
registry.k8s.io/kube-proxy:v1.26.3
registry.k8s.io/pause:3.9
registry.k8s.io/etcd:3.5.6-0
registry.k8s.io/coredns/coredns:v1.9.3


root@k8s-master71u:~# kubeadm config images pull --config kubeadm.yaml
[config/images] Pulled registry.k8s.io/kube-apiserver:v1.26.3
[config/images] Pulled registry.k8s.io/kube-controller-manager:v1.26.3
[config/images] Pulled registry.k8s.io/kube-scheduler:v1.26.3
[config/images] Pulled registry.k8s.io/kube-proxy:v1.26.3
[config/images] Pulled registry.k8s.io/pause:3.9
[config/images] Pulled registry.k8s.io/etcd:3.5.6-0
[config/images] Pulled registry.k8s.io/coredns/coredns:v1.9.3

五、初始化master節點

操作節點：只在master節點（k8s-master）執行，找一台master執行即可

root@k8s-master71u:~# kubeadm init --config kubeadm.yaml --upload-certs


## 若初始化成功後，最後會提示如下信息：

Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!

To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:

  mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
  sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:

  export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf

You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
  https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/

You can now join any number of the control-plane node running the following command on each as root:

  kubeadm join 192.168.1.74:7443 --token 7t2weq.bjbawausm0jaxury \
	--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:86af29371fd57d46a8592782fb4ae158035711372c0541449dcadfdc8f7fc243 \
	--control-plane --certificate-key a543d4775e0ca9787d4d2936758a3447d189cdae117170512b4de60a23b59e8a

Please note that the certificate-key gives access to cluster sensitive data, keep it secret!
As a safeguard, uploaded-certs will be deleted in two hours; If necessary, you can use
"kubeadm init phase upload-certs --upload-certs" to reload certs afterward.

Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:

kubeadm join 192.168.1.74:7443 --token 7t2weq.bjbawausm0jaxury \
	--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:86af29371fd57d46a8592782fb4ae158035711372c0541449dcadfdc8f7fc243 


## 接下來按照上述提示信息操作，配置kubectl客戶端的認證

root@k8s-master71u:~# mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
root@k8s-master71u:~# sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
root@k8s-master71u:~# sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

若執行初始化過程中出錯，根據錯誤信息調整後，執行 kubeadm reset -f ; ipvsadm --clear ; rm -rf ~/.kube ; rm -rf /etc/kubernetes/manifests/* ; rm -rf /var/lib/etcd/

六、添加其他master節點到集群中

# k8s-master72u主機
root@k8s-master72u:~#   kubeadm join 192.168.1.74:7443 --token 7t2weq.bjbawausm0jaxury \
	--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:86af29371fd57d46a8592782fb4ae158035711372c0541449dcadfdc8f7fc243 \
	--control-plane --certificate-key a543d4775e0ca9787d4d2936758a3447d189cdae117170512b4de60a23b59e8a \
	--cri-socket=unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock

root@k8s-master72u:~# mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
root@k8s-master72u:~# sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
root@k8s-master72u:~# sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config


# k8s-master73u主機
root@k8s-master73u:~#   kubeadm join 192.168.1.74:7443 --token 7t2weq.bjbawausm0jaxury \
	--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:86af29371fd57d46a8592782fb4ae158035711372c0541449dcadfdc8f7fc243 \
	--control-plane --certificate-key a543d4775e0ca9787d4d2936758a3447d189cdae117170512b4de60a23b59e8a \
	--cri-socket=unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock

root@k8s-master73u:~# mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
root@k8s-master73u:~# sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
root@k8s-master73u:~# sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

七、添加node節點到集群中

操作節點：所有的node節點（k8s-node）需要執行 在每台node節點，執行如下命令，該命令是在kubeadm init成功後提示信息中打印出來的，需要替換成實際init後打印出的命令。

# k8s-node75u主機
root@k8s-node75u:~# kubeadm join 192.168.1.74:7443 --token 7t2weq.bjbawausm0jaxury \
	--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:86af29371fd57d46a8592782fb4ae158035711372c0541449dcadfdc8f7fc243 \
	--cri-socket=unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock


# k8s-node76u主機
root@k8s-node76u:~# kubeadm join 192.168.1.74:7443 --token 7t2weq.bjbawausm0jaxury \
	--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:86af29371fd57d46a8592782fb4ae158035711372c0541449dcadfdc8f7fc243 \
	--cri-socket=unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock

如果忘記添加命令，可以通過如下命令生成：

$ kubeadm token create --print-join-command

查看目前node狀況:

root@k8s-master71u:~# kubectl get node
NAME            STATUS     ROLES           AGE     VERSION
k8s-master71u   NotReady   control-plane   10m     v1.26.3
k8s-master72u   NotReady   control-plane   3m58s   v1.26.3
k8s-master73u   NotReady   control-plane   2m57s   v1.26.3
k8s-node75u     NotReady   <none>          55s     v1.26.3
k8s-node76u     NotReady   <none>          51s     v1.26.3

部署容器網絡（calico）

操作節點：只在master節點（k8s-master）執行，找一台master執行即可，CNI

Calico是一個純三層的數據中心網絡方案，是目前Kubernetes主流的網絡方案。

https://docs.tigera.io/calico/latest/getting-started/kubernetes/quickstart

root@k8s-master71u:~# mkdir calico

root@k8s-master71u:~# cd calico/

root@k8s-master71u:~/calico# wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/projectcalico/calico/v3.26.0/manifests/tigera-operator.yaml

root@k8s-master71u:~/calico# wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/projectcalico/calico/v3.26.0/manifests/custom-resources.yaml

root@k8s-master71u:~/calico# kubectl create -f tigera-operator.yaml


# cidr ip部分，與前面kubeadm init的 --pod-network-cidr指定的一樣。
root@k8s-master71u:~/calico# vim custom-resources.yaml 
# This section includes base Calico installation configuration.
# For more information, see: https://projectcalico.docs.tigera.io/master/reference/installation/api#operator.tigera.io/v1.Installation
apiVersion: operator.tigera.io/v1
kind: Installation
metadata:
  name: default
spec:
  # Configures Calico networking.
  calicoNetwork:
    # Note: The ipPools section cannot be modified post-install.
    ipPools:
    - blockSize: 26
      cidr: 10.244.0.0/16
      encapsulation: VXLANCrossSubnet
      natOutgoing: Enabled
      nodeSelector: all()

---

# This section configures the Calico API server.
# For more information, see: https://projectcalico.docs.tigera.io/master/reference/installation/api#operator.tigera.io/v1.APIServer
apiVersion: operator.tigera.io/v1
kind: APIServer
metadata:
  name: default
spec: {}


root@k8s-master71u:~/calico# kubectl create -f custom-resources.yaml


# 等Calico Pod都Running，節點也會准備就緒。
root@k8s-master71u:~/calico# kubectl get pods -n calico-system
NAME                                       READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
calico-kube-controllers-676484d755-9llvm   1/1     Running   0          16m
calico-node-2s4gl                          1/1     Running   0          16m
calico-node-f9dz9                          1/1     Running   0          16m
calico-node-kvc55                          1/1     Running   0          16m
calico-node-l9gb2                          1/1     Running   0          16m
calico-node-xdp42                          1/1     Running   0          16m
calico-typha-98f544f9f-nqc4n               1/1     Running   0          16m
calico-typha-98f544f9f-plpnn               1/1     Running   0          16m
calico-typha-98f544f9f-vgrmn               1/1     Running   0          16m
csi-node-driver-42c8p                      2/2     Running   0          16m
csi-node-driver-kdd42                      2/2     Running   0          16m
csi-node-driver-nxf5d                      2/2     Running   0          16m
csi-node-driver-rphdj                      2/2     Running   0          16m
csi-node-driver-shs2s                      2/2     Running   0          16m


root@k8s-master71u:~/calico# kubectl get node
NAME            STATUS   ROLES           AGE   VERSION
k8s-master71u   Ready    control-plane   31m   v1.26.3
k8s-master72u   Ready    control-plane   24m   v1.26.3
k8s-master73u   Ready    control-plane   23m   v1.26.3
k8s-node75u     Ready    <none>          21m   v1.26.3
k8s-node76u     Ready    <none>          21m   v1.26.3


root@k8s-master71u:~/calico# kubectl get pods -n kube-system
NAME                                    READY   STATUS    RESTARTS      AGE
coredns-787d4945fb-6x8v2                1/1     Running   0             31m
coredns-787d4945fb-ddpgp                1/1     Running   0             31m
etcd-k8s-master71u                      1/1     Running   0             31m
etcd-k8s-master72u                      1/1     Running   0             24m
etcd-k8s-master73u                      1/1     Running   0             23m
kube-apiserver-k8s-master71u            1/1     Running   0             31m
kube-apiserver-k8s-master72u            1/1     Running   0             24m
kube-apiserver-k8s-master73u            1/1     Running   1 (23m ago)   23m
kube-controller-manager-k8s-master71u   1/1     Running   1 (24m ago)   31m
kube-controller-manager-k8s-master72u   1/1     Running   0             24m
kube-controller-manager-k8s-master73u   1/1     Running   0             22m
kube-proxy-4rtwz                        1/1     Running   0             23m
kube-proxy-84v9t                        1/1     Running   0             24m
kube-proxy-9bh8t                        1/1     Running   0             21m
kube-proxy-m5gj8                        1/1     Running   0             21m
kube-proxy-x4t5v                        1/1     Running   0             31m
kube-scheduler-k8s-master71u            1/1     Running   1 (24m ago)   31m
kube-scheduler-k8s-master72u            1/1     Running   0             24m
kube-scheduler-k8s-master73u            1/1     Running   0             22m

註：以後所有yaml文件都只在Master節點執行。

安裝目錄：/etc/kubernetes/

組件配置文件目錄：/etc/kubernetes/manifests/

集群設置

設置master節點是否可調度（可選）

操作節點：k8s-master

默認部署成功後，master節點無法調度業務pod，如需設置master節點也可以參與pod的調度，需執行：

$ kubectl taint node k8s-master node-role.kubernetes.io/master:NoSchedule-

設置kubectl自動補全

操作節點：k8s-master

root@k8s-master71u:~# apt install -y bash-completion

root@k8s-master71u:~# apt install plocate

root@k8s-master71u:~# locate bash_completion

root@k8s-master71u:~# source /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion

root@k8s-master71u:~# source <(kubectl completion bash)

root@k8s-master71u:~# echo "source <(kubectl completion bash)" >> ~/.bashrc

調整證書過期

使用kubeadm安裝的集群，證書默認有效期為1年，可以通過如下方式修改為10年。全部master節點都要執行

root@k8s-master71u:~/calico# cd /etc/kubernetes/pki

root@k8s-master71u:/etc/kubernetes/pki# for i in $(ls *.crt); do echo "===== $i ====="; openssl x509 -in $i -text -noout | grep -A 3 'Validity' ; done
===== apiserver.crt =====
        Validity
            Not Before: Sep 20 04:42:27 2023 GMT
            Not After : Sep 19 04:42:27 2024 GMT
        Subject: CN = kube-apiserver
===== apiserver-etcd-client.crt =====
        Validity
            Not Before: Sep 20 04:42:28 2023 GMT
            Not After : Sep 19 04:42:29 2024 GMT
        Subject: O = system:masters, CN = kube-apiserver-etcd-client
===== apiserver-kubelet-client.crt =====
        Validity
            Not Before: Sep 20 04:42:27 2023 GMT
            Not After : Sep 19 04:42:27 2024 GMT
        Subject: O = system:masters, CN = kube-apiserver-kubelet-client
===== ca.crt =====
        Validity
            Not Before: Sep 20 04:42:27 2023 GMT
            Not After : Sep 17 04:42:27 2033 GMT
        Subject: CN = kubernetes
===== front-proxy-ca.crt =====
        Validity
            Not Before: Sep 20 04:42:27 2023 GMT
            Not After : Sep 17 04:42:27 2033 GMT
        Subject: CN = front-proxy-ca
===== front-proxy-client.crt =====
        Validity
            Not Before: Sep 20 04:42:27 2023 GMT
            Not After : Sep 19 04:42:28 2024 GMT
        Subject: CN = front-proxy-client


root@k8s-master71u:/etc/kubernetes/pki# mkdir backup_key; cp -rp ./* backup_key/
root@k8s-master71u:/etc/kubernetes/pki# git clone https://github.com/yuyicai/update-kube-cert.git
root@k8s-master71u:/etc/kubernetes/pki# cd update-kube-cert/ 
root@k8s-master71u:/etc/kubernetes/pki/update-kube-cert# bash update-kubeadm-cert.sh all


root@k8s-master71u:/etc/kubernetes/pki/update-kube-cert# kubectl -n kube-system delete po kube-apiserver-k8s-master71u kube-apiserver-k8s-master72u kube-apiserver-k8s-master73u kube-controller-manager-k8s-master71u kube-controller-manager-k8s-master72u kube-controller-manager-k8s-master73u kube-scheduler-k8s-master71u kube-scheduler-k8s-master72u kube-scheduler-k8s-master73u

root@k8s-master71u:/etc/kubernetes/pki/update-kube-cert# kubectl get pod -n kube-system
NAME                                    READY   STATUS    RESTARTS      AGE
coredns-787d4945fb-6x8v2                1/1     Running   0             36m
coredns-787d4945fb-ddpgp                1/1     Running   0             36m
etcd-k8s-master71u                      1/1     Running   0             36m
etcd-k8s-master72u                      1/1     Running   0             29m
etcd-k8s-master73u                      1/1     Running   0             28m
kube-apiserver-k8s-master71u            1/1     Running   0             30s
kube-apiserver-k8s-master72u            1/1     Running   0             30s
kube-apiserver-k8s-master73u            1/1     Running   1 (28m ago)   30s
kube-controller-manager-k8s-master71u   1/1     Running   1 (29m ago)   30s
kube-controller-manager-k8s-master72u   1/1     Running   0             30s
kube-controller-manager-k8s-master73u   1/1     Running   0             30s
kube-proxy-4rtwz                        1/1     Running   0             28m
kube-proxy-84v9t                        1/1     Running   0             29m
kube-proxy-9bh8t                        1/1     Running   0             26m
kube-proxy-m5gj8                        1/1     Running   0             26m
kube-proxy-x4t5v                        1/1     Running   0             36m
kube-scheduler-k8s-master71u            1/1     Running   2 (69s ago)   30s
kube-scheduler-k8s-master72u            1/1     Running   0             30s
kube-scheduler-k8s-master73u            1/1     Running   0             30s


root@k8s-master71u:/etc/kubernetes/pki/update-kube-cert# cd /etc/kubernetes/pki
root@k8s-master71u:/etc/kubernetes/pki# for i in $(ls *.crt); do echo "===== $i ====="; openssl x509 -in $i -text -noout | grep -A 3 'Validity' ; done
===== apiserver.crt =====
        Validity
            Not Before: Sep 20 05:17:58 2023 GMT
            Not After : Sep 17 05:17:58 2033 GMT
        Subject: CN = kube-apiserver
===== apiserver-etcd-client.crt =====
        Validity
            Not Before: Sep 20 05:17:55 2023 GMT
            Not After : Sep 17 05:17:55 2033 GMT
        Subject: O = system:masters, CN = kube-apiserver-etcd-client
===== apiserver-kubelet-client.crt =====
        Validity
            Not Before: Sep 20 05:17:58 2023 GMT
            Not After : Sep 17 05:17:58 2033 GMT
        Subject: O = system:masters, CN = kube-apiserver-kubelet-client
===== ca.crt =====
        Validity
            Not Before: Sep 20 04:42:27 2023 GMT
            Not After : Sep 17 04:42:27 2033 GMT
        Subject: CN = kubernetes
===== front-proxy-ca.crt =====
        Validity
            Not Before: Sep 20 04:42:27 2023 GMT
            Not After : Sep 17 04:42:27 2033 GMT
        Subject: CN = front-proxy-ca
===== front-proxy-client.crt =====
        Validity
            Not Before: Sep 20 05:17:59 2023 GMT
            Not After : Sep 17 05:17:59 2033 GMT
        Subject: CN = front-proxy-client

驗證集群

操作節點： 在master節點（k8s-master）執行

root@k8s-master71u:~# kubectl get nodes
NAME            STATUS   ROLES           AGE   VERSION
k8s-master71u   Ready    control-plane   39m   v1.26.3
k8s-master72u   Ready    control-plane   32m   v1.26.3
k8s-master73u   Ready    control-plane   31m   v1.26.3
k8s-node75u     Ready    <none>          29m   v1.26.3
k8s-node76u     Ready    <none>          29m   v1.26.3


root@k8s-master71u:~# kubectl run  test-nginx --image=nginx:alpine
pod/test-nginx created


root@k8s-master71u:~# kubectl get pod -o wide
NAME         READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP               NODE          NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
test-nginx   1/1     Running   0          21s   10.244.255.195   k8s-node76u   <none>           <none>


root@k8s-master71u:~# curl 10.244.255.195
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
html { color-scheme: light dark; }
body { width: 35em; margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>

<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>

<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>

技術Blog

https://blog.goldfishbrain-fighting.com/2023/kubernetes-install/


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