Hi 大家好，

今天要開始介紹Python中的常用內建模組篇，那我們開始吧!

math 模組

• math模組提供基本的數學函數和常數，常用於進行數學計算，如平方根、三角函數、對數等。

import math

# 計算平方根
sqrt_value = math.sqrt(25)
print("Square Root:", sqrt_value)

# 計算餘弦值
cos_value = math.cos(math.radians(30))
print("Cosine Value:", cos_value)

PS D:\Project\practice> python hi.py
Square Root: 5.0
Cosine Value: 0.8660254037844387
PS D:\Project\practice>

re 模組

• re模組用於正則表達式的操作，用來作為字串匹配和搜索功能。

import re

# 搜尋字串中的數字
pattern = r'\d+'
text = "The order number is 88888, hello"
result = re.search(pattern, text)

if result:
    print("Found number:", result.group())

PS D:\Project\practice> python hi.py
Found number: 88888
PS D:\Project\practice>

datetime 模組

• datetime模組用於處理日期和時間，提供日期、時間操作及格式化等功能。

from datetime import datetime

# 取得當前時間
now = datetime.now()
print("Current DateTime:", now)

# 格式化時間
formatted_time = now.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
print("Formatted DateTime:", formatted_time)

PS D:\Project\practice> python hi.py
Current DateTime: 2024-08-30 15:14:50.326371
Formatted DateTime: 2024-08-30 15:14:50
PS D:\Project\practice>

urllib 模組

• urllib模組提供處理URL的工具，包含網路請求、解析URL等功能，經常使用在網路操作。

import urllib.request

# 從URL下載內容
url = 'https://tcgbusfs.blob.core.windows.net/dotapp/youbike/v2/youbike_immediate.json'
response = urllib.request.urlopen(url)
web_content = response.read().decode('utf-8')
print("YouBike 2.0 臺北市公共自行車即時資訊:", web_content)

PS D:\Project\practice> python hi.py
[{"sno":"500101001","sna":"YouBike2.0_捷運科技大樓站","sarea":"大安區","mday":"2024-08-30 15:15:22","ar":"復興南路二段235號前","sareaen":"Daan Dist.","snaen":"YouBike2.0_MRT Technology Bldg. Sta.","aren":"No.235， Sec. 2， Fuxing S. Rd.","act":"1","srcUpdateTime":"2024-08-30 15:16:24","updateTime":"2024-08-30 15:16:52","infoTime":"2024-08-30 15:15:22","infoDate":"2024-08-30","total":28,"available_rent_bikes":5,"latitude":25.02605,"longitude":121.5436,"available_return_bikes":23},{"sno":"500101002","sna":"YouBike2.0_復興南路二段273號前","sarea":"大安區","mday":"2024-08-30 15:15:22","ar":"復興南路二段273號西側","sareaen":"Daan Dist.","snaen":"YouBike2.0_No.273， Sec. 2， Fuxing S. Rd.","aren":"No.273， Sec. 2， Fuxing S. Rd. (West)","act":"1","srcUpdateTime":"2024-08-30 15:16:24","updateTime":"2024-08-30 15:16:52","infoTime":"2024-08-30 15:15:22","infoDate":"2024-08-30","total":21,"available_rent_bikes":4,"latitude":25.02565,"longitude":121.54357,"available_return_bikes":17}.......

random 模組

• random模組提供隨機數產生和隨機選取一元素，常用於模擬隨機行為。

import random

# 生成隨機整數
random_int = random.randint(1, 10)
print("Random Integer:", random_int)

# 隨機選取一個元素
choices = ['aaaaa', 'bbbbbb', 'xxxxxxx', 'zzzzzz']
selected = random.choice(choices)
print("Random Choice:", selected)

PS D:\Project\practice> python hi.py                                                                                                                         
Random Integer: 8
Random Choice: zzzzzz
PS D:\Project\practice> python hi.py
Random Integer: 10
Random Choice: xxxxxxx
PS D:\Project\practice>

json 模組

• json模組用於處理JSON格式的資料，支援JSON的解析和序列化，常用於處理API返回的數據。

import json

# 將字典轉換為JSON字串
data = {'myname': 'EricHsu', 'age': 30}
json_string = json.dumps(data)
print("JSON String:", json_string)

# 將JSON字串轉換為字典
parsed_data = json.loads(json_string)
print("Parsed Data:", parsed_data)

PS D:\Project\practice> python hi.py
JSON String: {"myname": "EricHsu", "age": 30}
Parsed Data: {'myname': 'EricHsu', 'age': 30}
PS D:\Project\practice>

csv 模組

• csv模組用於處理CSV文件，可以讀取和寫入CSV格式的資料，常用於處理表格數據。

data.csv內容

name,age,city
Alice,30,New York
Bob,25,Los Angeles
Charlie,35,Chicago

import csv

# 讀取CSV文件
with open('data.csv', newline='') as csvfile:
    reader = csv.reader(csvfile)
    for row in reader:
        print("Row:", row)

# 寫入CSV文件
with open('output.csv', 'w', newline='') as csvfile:
    writer = csv.writer(csvfile)
    writer.writerow(['name', 'age'])
    writer.writerow(['Erichsu', 35])

PS D:\Project\practice> python hi.py
Row: ['name', 'age', 'city']
Row: ['Alice', '30', 'New York']
Row: ['Bob', '25', 'Los Angeles']
Row: ['Charlie', '35', 'Chicago']
PS D:\Project\practice>

output.csv 檔案內容

name,age
Erichsu,35

那今天就是我參加鐵人賽的最後一天，很高興自己能完成30天的挑戰，表示自己增加了持之以恆的技能點數+1，之後還要持續的學習和應用Python來開發更多的案例。

感謝大家的閱讀，我們下次見^^b!!