感覺你是想要下面這樣?

From 訂單報表 left join 比對表
On (ID包含 like %ID% or ID包含 = "全")
and ID排除 not like %ID%

如果可以給完整一點的SQL(like那段)，可能會更看得懂一點

WITH RECURSIVE numbers AS (
    SELECT 1 AS n
    UNION ALL
    SELECT n + 1
    FROM numbers
    WHERE n <= 10
)
SELECT 
    訂單報表.ID AS 訂單ID,
    訂單報表.參數,
    訂單報表.比對結果,
    比對表.ID包含,
    比對表.比對合併,
    比對表.參數名稱
FROM 
    比對表
LEFT JOIN 
    訂單報表
ON 
    (
        比對表.ID包含 = '全' OR 
        EXISTS (
            SELECT 1
            FROM (
                SELECT TRIM(SUBSTRING_INDEX(SUBSTRING_INDEX(比對表.ID包含, ':', n), ':', -1)) AS single_id
                FROM numbers
            ) AS split_ids
            WHERE 訂單報表.ID LIKE CONCAT('%', split_ids.single_id, '%')
        )
    )
    AND 
    (比對表.ID排除 IS NULL OR 訂單報表.ID NOT LIKE CONCAT('%', 比對表.ID排除, '%'));

你說的是這樣嗎？