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Material UI in React系列 第 12 篇

Material UI in React [ Day12 ] Inputs (Select) 選擇框

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今天要講解的是 Select 組件，官網文件連結在這裡。

Select

其實跟原生 html 裡的 select tag 一樣，只不過換了皮膚，以下是預設的設定:

// 這裡要把它撐開不然預設值很扁
const useStyles = makeStyles({
  formControl: {
    margin: 8,
    minWidth: 120,
  },
  selectEmpty: {
    marginTop: 16,
  },
});

export default function SimpleSelect() {
  const classes = useStyles();
  const [age, setAge] = React.useState('');

  const handleChange = (event) => {
    setAge(event.target.value);
  };

  return (
    <div>
      <FormControl className={classes.formControl}>
        <InputLabel id="demo-simple-select-label">Age</InputLabel>
        <Select
          labelId="demo-simple-select-label"
          id="demo-simple-select"
          value={age}
          onChange={handleChange}
        >
          <MenuItem value={10}>Ten</MenuItem>
          <MenuItem value={20}>Twenty</MenuItem>
          <MenuItem value={30}>Thirty</MenuItem>
        </Select>
      </FormControl>
      <FormControl className={classes.formControl}>
        <InputLabel id="demo-simple-select-helper-label">Age</InputLabel>
        <Select
          labelId="demo-simple-select-helper-label"
          id="demo-simple-select-helper"
          value={age}
          onChange={handleChange}
        >
          <MenuItem value="">
            <em>None</em>
          </MenuItem>
          <MenuItem value={10}>Ten</MenuItem>
          <MenuItem value={20}>Twenty</MenuItem>
          <MenuItem value={30}>Thirty</MenuItem>
        </Select>
        <FormHelperText>Some important helper text</FormHelperText>
      </FormControl>
      <FormControl className={classes.formControl}>
        <Select
          value={age}
          onChange={handleChange}
          displayEmpty
          className={classes.selectEmpty}
          inputProps={{ 'aria-label': 'Without label' }}
        >
          <MenuItem value="">
            <em>None</em>
          </MenuItem>
          <MenuItem value={10}>Ten</MenuItem>
          <MenuItem value={20}>Twenty</MenuItem>
          <MenuItem value={30}>Thirty</MenuItem>
        </Select>
        <FormHelperText>Without label</FormHelperText>
      </FormControl>
      <FormControl className={classes.formControl}>
        <InputLabel shrink id="demo-simple-select-placeholder-label-label">
          Age
        </InputLabel>
        <Select
          labelId="demo-simple-select-placeholder-label-label"
          id="demo-simple-select-placeholder-label"
          value={age}
          onChange={handleChange}
          displayEmpty
          className={classes.selectEmpty}
        >
          <MenuItem value="">
            <em>None</em>
          </MenuItem>
          <MenuItem value={10}>Ten</MenuItem>
          <MenuItem value={20}>Twenty</MenuItem>
          <MenuItem value={30}>Thirty</MenuItem>
        </Select>
        <FormHelperText>Label + placeholder</FormHelperText>
      </FormControl>
      <FormControl className={classes.formControl} disabled>
        <InputLabel id="demo-simple-select-disabled-label">Name</InputLabel>
        <Select
          labelId="demo-simple-select-disabled-label"
          id="demo-simple-select-disabled"
          value={age}
          onChange={handleChange}
        >
          <MenuItem value="">
            <em>None</em>
          </MenuItem>
          <MenuItem value={10}>Ten</MenuItem>
          <MenuItem value={20}>Twenty</MenuItem>
          <MenuItem value={30}>Thirty</MenuItem>
        </Select>
        <FormHelperText>Disabled</FormHelperText>
      </FormControl>
      <FormControl className={classes.formControl} error>
        <InputLabel id="demo-simple-select-error-label">Name</InputLabel>
        <Select
          labelId="demo-simple-select-error-label"
          id="demo-simple-select-error"
          value={age}
          onChange={handleChange}
          renderValue={(value) => (`⚠️  - ${value}`)}
        >
          <MenuItem value="">
            <em>None</em>
          </MenuItem>
          <MenuItem value={10}>Ten</MenuItem>
          <MenuItem value={20}>Twenty</MenuItem>
          <MenuItem value={30}>Thirty</MenuItem>
        </Select>
        <FormHelperText>Error</FormHelperText>
      </FormControl>
      <FormControl className={classes.formControl}>
        <InputLabel id="demo-simple-select-readonly-label">Name</InputLabel>
        <Select
          labelId="demo-simple-select-readonly-label"
          id="demo-simple-select-readonly"
          value={age}
          onChange={handleChange}
          inputProps={{ readOnly: true }}
        >
          <MenuItem value="">
            <em>None</em>
          </MenuItem>
          <MenuItem value={10}>Ten</MenuItem>
          <MenuItem value={20}>Twenty</MenuItem>
          <MenuItem value={30}>Thirty</MenuItem>
        </Select>
        <FormHelperText>Read only</FormHelperText>
      </FormControl>
      <FormControl className={classes.formControl}>
        <InputLabel id="demo-simple-select-autowidth-label">Age</InputLabel>
        <Select
          labelId="demo-simple-select-autowidth-label"
          id="demo-simple-select-autowidth"
          value={age}
          onChange={handleChange}
          autoWidth
        >
          <MenuItem value="">
            <em>None</em>
          </MenuItem>
          <MenuItem value={10}>Ten</MenuItem>
          <MenuItem value={20}>Twenty</MenuItem>
          <MenuItem value={30}>Thirty</MenuItem>
        </Select>
        <FormHelperText>Auto width</FormHelperText>
      </FormControl>
      <FormControl className={classes.formControl}>
        <Select
          value={age}
          onChange={handleChange}
          displayEmpty
          className={classes.selectEmpty}
          inputProps={{ 'aria-label': 'Without label' }}
        >
          <MenuItem value="" disabled>
            Placeholder
          </MenuItem>
          <MenuItem value={10}>Ten</MenuItem>
          <MenuItem value={20}>Twenty</MenuItem>
          <MenuItem value={30}>Thirty</MenuItem>
        </Select>
        <FormHelperText>Placeholder</FormHelperText>
      </FormControl>
      <FormControl required className={classes.formControl}>
        <InputLabel id="demo-simple-select-required-label">Age</InputLabel>
        <Select
          labelId="demo-simple-select-required-label"
          id="demo-simple-select-required"
          value={age}
          onChange={handleChange}
          className={classes.selectEmpty}
        >
          <MenuItem value="">
            <em>None</em>
          </MenuItem>
          <MenuItem value={10}>Ten</MenuItem>
          <MenuItem value={20}>Twenty</MenuItem>
          <MenuItem value={30}>Thirty</MenuItem>
        </Select>
        <FormHelperText>Required</FormHelperText>
      </FormControl>
      <FormControl variant="outlined" className={classes.formControl}>
        <InputLabel id="demo-simple-select-outlined-label">Age</InputLabel>
        <Select
          labelId="demo-simple-select-outlined-label"
          id="demo-simple-select-outlined"
          value={age}
          onChange={handleChange}
          label="Age"
        >
          <MenuItem value="">
            <em>None</em>
          </MenuItem>
          <MenuItem value={10}>Ten</MenuItem>
          <MenuItem value={20}>Twenty</MenuItem>
          <MenuItem value={30}>Thirty</MenuItem>
        </Select>
      </FormControl>
      <FormControl variant="filled" className={classes.formControl}>
        <InputLabel id="demo-simple-select-filled-label">Age</InputLabel>
        <Select
          labelId="demo-simple-select-filled-label"
          id="demo-simple-select-filled"
          value={age}
          onChange={handleChange}
        >
          <MenuItem value="">
            <em>None</em>
          </MenuItem>
          <MenuItem value={10}>Ten</MenuItem>
          <MenuItem value={20}>Twenty</MenuItem>
          <MenuItem value={30}>Thirty</MenuItem>
        </Select>
      </FormControl>
    </div>
  );
}

混合應用

Select 組件可以與原生 select 元素互換，如果要應用一些進階功能，如組合框、多選、自動完成、異步或自訂創建，請前往Autocompelete，它是“react-select”和“downshift”套件的改進版。

export default function NativeSelects() {
  const classes = useStyles();
  const [state, setState] = React.useState({
    age: '',
    name: 'hai',
  });

  const handleChange = (event) => {
    const name = event.target.name;
    setState({
      ...state,
      [name]: event.target.value,
    });
  };

  return (
    <div>
      <FormControl className={classes.formControl}>
        <InputLabel htmlFor="age-native-simple">Age</InputLabel>
        <Select
          native
          value={state.age}
          onChange={handleChange}
          inputProps={{
            name: 'age',
            id: 'age-native-simple',
          }}
        >
          <option aria-label="None" value="" />
          <option value={10}>Ten</option>
          <option value={20}>Twenty</option>
          <option value={30}>Thirty</option>
        </Select>
      </FormControl>
      <FormControl className={classes.formControl}>
        <InputLabel htmlFor="age-native-helper">Age</InputLabel>
        <NativeSelect
          value={state.age}
          onChange={handleChange}
          inputProps={{
            name: 'age',
            id: 'age-native-helper',
          }}
        >
          <option aria-label="None" value="" />
          <option value={10}>Ten</option>
          <option value={20}>Twenty</option>
          <option value={30}>Thirty</option>
        </NativeSelect>
        <FormHelperText>Some important helper text</FormHelperText>
      </FormControl>
      <FormControl className={classes.formControl}>
        <NativeSelect
          value={state.age}
          onChange={handleChange}
          name="age"
          className={classes.selectEmpty}
          inputProps={{ 'aria-label': 'age' }}
        >
          <option value="">None</option>
          <option value={10}>Ten</option>
          <option value={20}>Twenty</option>
          <option value={30}>Thirty</option>
        </NativeSelect>
        <FormHelperText>With visually hidden label</FormHelperText>
      </FormControl>
      <FormControl className={classes.formControl}>
        <InputLabel shrink htmlFor="age-native-label-placeholder">
          Age
        </InputLabel>
        <NativeSelect
          value={state.age}
          onChange={handleChange}
          inputProps={{
            name: 'age',
            id: 'age-native-label-placeholder',
          }}
        >
          <option value="">None</option>
          <option value={10}>Ten</option>
          <option value={20}>Twenty</option>
          <option value={30}>Thirty</option>
        </NativeSelect>
        <FormHelperText>Label + placeholder</FormHelperText>
      </FormControl>
      <FormControl className={classes.formControl} disabled>
        <InputLabel htmlFor="name-native-disabled">Name</InputLabel>
        <NativeSelect
          value={state.name}
          onChange={handleChange}
          inputProps={{
            name: 'name',
            id: 'name-native-disabled',
          }}
        >
          <option value="">None</option>
          <optgroup label="Author">
            <option value="hai">Hai</option>
          </optgroup>
          <optgroup label="Contributors">
            <option value="olivier">Olivier</option>
            <option value="kevin">Kevin</option>
          </optgroup>
        </NativeSelect>
        <FormHelperText>Disabled</FormHelperText>
      </FormControl>
      <FormControl className={classes.formControl} error>
        <InputLabel htmlFor="name-native-error">Name</InputLabel>
        <NativeSelect
          value={state.name}
          onChange={handleChange}
          name="name"
          inputProps={{
            id: 'name-native-error',
          }}
        >
          <optgroup label="Author">
            <option value="hai">Hai</option>
          </optgroup>
          <optgroup label="Contributors">
            <option value="olivier">Olivier</option>
            <option value="kevin">Kevin</option>
          </optgroup>
        </NativeSelect>
        <FormHelperText>Error</FormHelperText>
      </FormControl>
      <FormControl className={classes.formControl}>
        <InputLabel htmlFor="uncontrolled-native">Name</InputLabel>
        <NativeSelect
          defaultValue={30}
          inputProps={{
            name: 'name',
            id: 'uncontrolled-native',
          }}
        >
          <option value={10}>Ten</option>
          <option value={20}>Twenty</option>
          <option value={30}>Thirty</option>
        </NativeSelect>
        <FormHelperText>Uncontrolled</FormHelperText>
      </FormControl>
      <FormControl className={classes.formControl}>
        <NativeSelect
          className={classes.selectEmpty}
          value={state.age}
          name="age"
          onChange={handleChange}
          inputProps={{ 'aria-label': 'age' }}
        >
          <option value="" disabled>
            Placeholder
          </option>
          <option value={10}>Ten</option>
          <option value={20}>Twenty</option>
          <option value={30}>Thirty</option>
        </NativeSelect>
        <FormHelperText>Placeholder</FormHelperText>
      </FormControl>
      <FormControl required className={classes.formControl}>
        <InputLabel htmlFor="age-native-required">Age</InputLabel>
        <Select
          native
          value={state.age}
          onChange={handleChange}
          name="age"
          inputProps={{
            id: 'age-native-required',
          }}
        >
          <option aria-label="None" value="" />
          <option value={10}>Ten</option>
          <option value={20}>Twenty</option>
          <option value={30}>Thirty</option>
        </Select>
        <FormHelperText>Required</FormHelperText>
      </FormControl>
      <FormControl variant="outlined" className={classes.formControl}>
        <InputLabel htmlFor="outlined-age-native-simple">Age</InputLabel>
        <Select
          native
          value={state.age}
          onChange={handleChange}
          label="Age"
          inputProps={{
            name: 'age',
            id: 'outlined-age-native-simple',
          }}
        >
          <option aria-label="None" value="" />
          <option value={10}>Ten</option>
          <option value={20}>Twenty</option>
          <option value={30}>Thirty</option>
        </Select>
      </FormControl>
      <FormControl variant="filled" className={classes.formControl}>
        <InputLabel htmlFor="filled-age-native-simple">Age</InputLabel>
        <Select
          native
          value={state.age}
          onChange={handleChange}
          inputProps={{
            name: 'age',
            id: 'filled-age-native-simple',
          }}
        >
          <option aria-label="None" value="" />
          <option value={10}>Ten</option>
          <option value={20}>Twenty</option>
          <option value={30}>Thirty</option>
        </Select>
      </FormControl>
    </div>
  );
}

多選

Select 組件可以處理多個選擇，通過 multiple 屬性啟用，與單選一樣，可以通過 onChange 回調中的 event.target.value 來提取新值。

const useStyles = makeStyles((theme) => ({
  formControl: {
    margin: theme.spacing(1),
    minWidth: 120,
    maxWidth: 300,
  },
  chips: {
    display: 'flex',
    flexWrap: 'wrap',
  },
  chip: {
    margin: 2,
  },
  noLabel: {
    marginTop: theme.spacing(3),
  },
}));

const ITEM_HEIGHT = 48;
const ITEM_PADDING_TOP = 8;
const MenuProps = {
  PaperProps: {
    style: {
      maxHeight: ITEM_HEIGHT * 4.5 + ITEM_PADDING_TOP,
      width: 250,
    },
  },
};

const names = [
  'Oliver Hansen',
  'Van Henry',
  'April Tucker',
  'Ralph Hubbard',
  'Omar Alexander',
  'Carlos Abbott',
  'Miriam Wagner',
  'Bradley Wilkerson',
  'Virginia Andrews',
  'Kelly Snyder',
];

function getStyles(name, personName, theme) {
  return {
    fontWeight:
      personName.indexOf(name) === -1
        ? theme.typography.fontWeightRegular
        : theme.typography.fontWeightMedium,
  };
}

export default function MultipleSelect() {
  const classes = useStyles();
  const theme = useTheme();
  const [personName, setPersonName] = React.useState([]);

  const handleChange = (event) => {
    setPersonName(event.target.value);
  };

  const handleChangeMultiple = (event) => {
    const { options } = event.target;
    const value = [];
    for (let i = 0, l = options.length; i < l; i += 1) {
      if (options[i].selected) {
        value.push(options[i].value);
      }
    }
    setPersonName(value);
  };

  return (
    <div>
      <FormControl className={classes.formControl}>
        <InputLabel id="demo-mutiple-name-label">Name</InputLabel>
        <Select
          labelId="demo-mutiple-name-label"
          id="demo-mutiple-name"
          multiple
          value={personName}
          onChange={handleChange}
          input={<Input />}
          MenuProps={MenuProps}
        >
          {names.map((name) => (
            <MenuItem key={name} value={name} style={getStyles(name, personName, theme)}>
              {name}
            </MenuItem>
          ))}
        </Select>
      </FormControl>
      <FormControl className={classes.formControl}>
        <InputLabel id="demo-mutiple-checkbox-label">Tag</InputLabel>
        <Select
          labelId="demo-mutiple-checkbox-label"
          id="demo-mutiple-checkbox"
          multiple
          value={personName}
          onChange={handleChange}
          input={<Input />}
          renderValue={(selected) => selected.join(', ')}
          MenuProps={MenuProps}
        >
          {names.map((name) => (
            <MenuItem key={name} value={name}>
              <Checkbox checked={personName.indexOf(name) > -1} />
              <ListItemText primary={name} />
            </MenuItem>
          ))}
        </Select>
      </FormControl>
      <FormControl className={classes.formControl}>
        <InputLabel id="demo-mutiple-chip-label">Chip</InputLabel>
        <Select
          labelId="demo-mutiple-chip-label"
          id="demo-mutiple-chip"
          multiple
          value={personName}
          onChange={handleChange}
          input={<Input id="select-multiple-chip" />}
          renderValue={(selected) => (
            <div className={classes.chips}>
              {selected.map((value) => (
                <Chip key={value} label={value} className={classes.chip} />
              ))}
            </div>
          )}
          MenuProps={MenuProps}
        >
          {names.map((name) => (
            <MenuItem key={name} value={name} style={getStyles(name, personName, theme)}>
              {name}
            </MenuItem>
          ))}
        </Select>
      </FormControl>
      <FormControl className={clsx(classes.formControl, classes.noLabel)}>
        <Select
          multiple
          displayEmpty
          value={personName}
          onChange={handleChange}
          input={<Input />}
          renderValue={(selected) => {
            if (selected.length === 0) {
              return <em>Placeholder</em>;
            }

            return selected.join(', ');
          }}
          MenuProps={MenuProps}
          inputProps={{ 'aria-label': 'Without label' }}
        >
          <MenuItem disabled value="">
            <em>Placeholder</em>
          </MenuItem>
          {names.map((name) => (
            <MenuItem key={name} value={name} style={getStyles(name, personName, theme)}>
              {name}
            </MenuItem>
          ))}
        </Select>
      </FormControl>
      <FormControl className={classes.formControl}>
        <InputLabel shrink htmlFor="select-multiple-native">
          Native
        </InputLabel>
        <Select
          multiple
          native
          value={personName}
          onChange={handleChangeMultiple}
          inputProps={{
            id: 'select-multiple-native',
          }}
        >
          {names.map((name) => (
            <option key={name} value={name}>
              {name}
            </option>
          ))}
        </Select>
      </FormControl>
    </div>
  );
}

以上就是今天的全部內容了，進階用法的部分我們後面會再提到，明天會接著slider的部分對inputs組件做個總結。


上一篇
Material UI in React [ Day 11] Date & Time picker 日期時間輸入
下一篇
Material UI in React [ Day13 ] Inputs (slider) 調整滑塊
系列文
Material UI in React 共 30 篇
  1. 26
    Material UI in React [ Day 26 ] Styles API (part 1)
  2. 27
    Material UI in React [ Day 27 ] Styles API (part 2)
  3. 28
    Material UI in React [ Day 28 ] Customization Component 自訂組件 (part1)
  4. 29
    Material UI in React [ Day 29 ] Customization Component 自訂組件 (part2)
  5. 30
    Material UI in React [ Day 30 ] 總結
完整目錄
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