iT邦幫忙

2018 iT 邦幫忙鐵人賽
DAY 16
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Data Technology

基於雲端Iaas基礎平台OpenStack結合Kubernetes,BlockChain,Spark,SDN系列 第 17

建立私有以太鏈(Ethereum)環境

環境

環境採用 OpenStack 三個 Instance ,也可以嘗試使用三臺實體機器進行建置:

主機名稱 IP Address 角色
Ehtereum-1 10.28.120.32 Node
Ethereum-2 10.28.120.29 Node
Ethereum-3 10.28.120.35 Miner

Node 表示一個使用者帳號,提供使用者進行交易或其餘操作使用,Miner 表示區塊挖掘者,針對乙太鏈所使用的演算法進行區塊挖掘,以下統一稱為節點。

建置 Ethereum 步驟

首先使用 go-ethereum 官方安裝指令進行套件安裝。

$ sudo apt-get install software-properties-common
...
$ sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:ethereum/ethereum
...
$ sudo apt-get update
...
$ sudo apt-get install ethereum
...

安裝完畢後,在所有節點上建立乙太鏈帳號:

$ geth --datadir ./data account new
WARN [07-17|05:59:19] No etherbase set and no accounts found as default
Your new account is locked with a password. Please give a password. Do not forget this password.
Passphrase:
Repeat passphrase:
Address: {b581d6307e78da1412875e21850c0ebcdd0ac37a}

註冊帳號同時要給予每個帳號一個密碼,切記密碼必須記住,否則往後無法進行交易,因為交易前需要使用密碼將帳號 unlock。

帳號列表如下:

  • Ethereum-1: b581d6307e78da1412875e21850c0ebcdd0ac37a
  • Ethereum-2: e6aa26edefa15b64915d9bc3659d8b0322823b62
  • Miner: 36bdc7ad6a91569de06e97ae4da81b3aea281a7c

接下來建立創世區塊,也就是整個私有乙太鏈的第一個區塊,可以透過 go ethereum 內建的指令建立:

$ puppeth
+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| Welcome to puppeth, your Ethereum private network manager |
|                                                           |
| This tool lets you create a new Ethereum network down to  |
| the genesis block, bootnodes, miners and ethstats servers |
| without the hassle that it would normally entail.         |
|                                                           |
| Puppeth uses SSH to dial in to remote servers, and builds |
| its network components out of Docker containers using the |
| docker-compose toolset.                                   |
+-----------------------------------------------------------+

Please specify a network name to administer (no spaces, please)
> imac

可以依照自己的喜好,自行定義私有區塊鏈名稱,這裡我們取名為 imac

What would you like to do? (default = stats)
 1. Show network stats
 2. Configure new genesis
 3. Track new remote server
 4. Deploy network components
> 2

這裡選擇 2,建立一個新的創世區塊

Which consensus engine to use? (default = clique)
 1. Ethash - proof-of-work
 2. Clique - proof-of-authority 
> 1

共識機制,這裡選擇 1,採用的是 PoW

Which accounts should be pre-funded? (advisable at least one)
> 0xb581d6307e78da1412875e21850c0ebcdd0ac37a
> 0x36bdc7ad6a91569de06e97ae4da81b3aea281a7c
> 0x

這裡可以預先給一些帳號 ether(交易的錢),依照自己的需求自行定義

Specify your chain/network ID if you want an explicit one (default = random)
>

Network ID 這裡採用預設的 Random

Anything fun to embed into the genesis block? (max 32 bytes)
>

留空

What would you like to do? (default = stats)
 1. Show network stats
 2. Save existing genesis
 3. Track new remote server
 4. Deploy network components
> 2

選擇 2,存檔

Which file to save the genesis into? (default = imac.json)
>

留空,採用預設名稱

What would you like to do? (default = stats)
 1. Show network stats
 2. Save existing genesis
 3. Track new remote server
 4. Deploy network components
> ^C

Ctrl + C 直接退出

確認當下目錄產生 imac.json 檔案:

$ ls
bin   data  etc   imac.json  lib64  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var
boot  dev   home  lib        media  opt  root  sbin  sys  usr

初始化每個節點

$ geth --datadir data init imac.json
INFO [07-17|06:33:06] Allocated cache and file handles         database=/data/geth/chaindata cache=16 handles=16
INFO [07-17|06:33:06] Writing custom genesis block
INFO [07-17|06:33:06] Successfully wrote genesis state         database=chaindata            hash=7d94c2…480416
INFO [07-17|06:33:06] Allocated cache and file handles         database=/data/geth/lightchaindata cache=16 handles=16
INFO [07-17|06:33:06] Writing custom genesis block
INFO [07-17|06:33:06] Successfully wrote genesis state         database=lightchaindata            hash=7d94c2…480416

分別在兩個 Node 上執行 geth:

$ screen
$ geth --datadir ./data --networkid 77777 --port 2000 --rpc --rpcapi=db,eth,net,web3,personal,web3 --rpcaddr=0.0.0.0 console

這裡使用 screen 的目的是開啟一個子 terminal 執行指令,並且使用 exit 指令返回父 terminal

Miner 節點的 screen 模式下執行:

$ screen
$ geth --datadir ./data --networkid 7777 --port 2000 --rpc --rpcapi=db,eth,net,web3,personal,web3 --rpcaddr=0.0.0.0 --unlock 36bdc7ad6a91569de06e97ae4da81b3aea281a7c console
...
Passphrase:
...

這裡需要輸入 minier 的密碼進行 unlock 動作

返回 Ethereum-1 的 Terminal 可以由原先的訊息中找到其中一段如下:

...
INFO [07-17|06:41:16] UDP listener up                          self=enode://fbf9c7b7b8fbe0f6813ef4e86e418fedcc807af27f6a98d4ac0c647f737e3b3a8d55b54cd24f16dfb4fef4b052289e6a49e6b419f179ee4c6a89adc7670940f4@[::]:2000

這裡我們需要將其他節點與 Ethereum-1 串到同一個私有乙太鏈上,所以我們需要將上方複製的訊息在其他節點透過 addPeer 方式進行串接:

$ admin.addPeer("enode://fbf9c7b7b8fbe0f6813ef4e86e418fedcc807af27f6a98d4ac0c647f737e3b3a8d55b54cd24f16dfb4fef4b052289e6a49e6b419f179ee4c6a89adc7670940f4@10.28.120.32:2000")

注意,這裡需要將 [::] 改成 Ethereum-1 的 IP Address

完成後,回到 Ethereum-1 使用 admin.peers 查看是否有其他三個節點的資訊。

[{
    caps: ["eth/63"],
    id: "0d12bbf86a54109d5960ef01407d0d911053da19a0fa65083925bac45cc2003b315c4efa09214b3f12554777301b9626e78cac05eebf9eec2bccb785f50e6b89",
    name: "Geth/v1.6.7-stable-ab5646c5/linux-amd64/go1.8.1",
    network: {
      localAddress: "10.28.120.32:2000",
      remoteAddress: "10.28.120.29:53054"
    },
    protocols: {
      eth: {
        difficulty: 1048576,
        head: "0x7d94c2e496b3717b8b6d82f6410a174424f034ad7c811080861ccb1f31480416",
        version: 63
      }
    }
}, {
    caps: ["eth/63"],
    id: "3d1a2c09dcaedbced1e805f6a87f2bd5b6c5e869ac2133522c7236678fe41695b210e52b6bc05cdc41e756639bb15eb13993608d433c122852764e2d5a266fc6",
    name: "Geth/v1.6.7-stable-ab5646c5/linux-amd64/go1.8.1",
    network: {
      localAddress: "10.28.120.32:2000",
      remoteAddress: "10.28.120.35:42872"
    },
    protocols: {
      eth: {
        difficulty: 1048576,
        head: "0x7d94c2e496b3717b8b6d82f6410a174424f034ad7c811080861ccb1f31480416",
        version: 63
      }
    }
}]

切換到 Miner 節點進行挖礦:

$ miner.start()

上一篇
Ethereum (以太坊)基礎介紹
下一篇
建置 Ethereum Dashboard
系列文
基於雲端Iaas基礎平台OpenStack結合Kubernetes,BlockChain,Spark,SDN24
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