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爬蟲crawler -- 蝦皮購物

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https://ithelp.ithome.com.tw/upload/images/20201026/20118435KRxL5XMBOZ.png
許多廠商、賣家都會想知道自己的商品上架到平台販售時,商品會排名在哪個位置?
大品牌廠商可能有經費每天派一名人力,定時去查找商品所在的排名;
要是小品牌或一般賣家不太會有經費或時間去做這樣的事。
這時就可以透過爬蟲程式,每天自動爬取想要查找的商品資訊,輕鬆、便宜又省事!/images/emoticon/emoticon01.gif

本篇會介紹當在蝦皮購物官網,搜尋關鍵字時,如何將所有資料一次蒐集完成。

程式碼相當簡單,共分為三段:import 套件爬取資料(主要)輸入關鍵字


import 套件

# 計算與轉換時間用
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
import time
from pytz import timezone,utc

# 爬蟲使用
import re
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import json

爬取資料(主要)

  1. 在 headers 的地方加入在 Network 中的'user-agent'及'referer'兩個參數
    https://ithelp.ithome.com.tw/upload/images/20201025/20118435LXSDi30OgO.png
  2. 接下來的程式都會一層一層的往下執行 (從getShopeekey一路到parseItem)
  3. getShopeekey:會接到下一段程式使用者自行輸入的關鍵字
  4. parseAllList:先從一組網址中找到關鍵字搜尋後,總共被搜尋到的筆數,再根據筆數組成所有的商品列表網址。
    e.g. 因蝦皮的一個商品列表網址中,會包含50筆資料。假設今天搜尋後的結果是2100筆商品,則商品列表的頁數便是(2000/50)+1=41(頁)
  5. parseList:將每一項商品會在清單中顯示的資訊進行爬取(商品代號、名稱、促銷...)
    https://ithelp.ithome.com.tw/upload/images/20201025/20118435zgveI4Yl2x.png
  6. parseItem:最後會進到商品內頁,把更詳細的資訊爬取下來(價格、免運、庫存)
    https://ithelp.ithome.com.tw/upload/images/20201025/20118435aHRmeEa7MH.png

DOMAIN = 'https://shopee.tw/'

headers = {
    'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/86.0.4240.111 Safari/537.36',
    'referer': 'http://localhost:8888/'
}

def getShopeekey(keyword):
    data={}
    data['search_keyword'] = keyword
    parseAllList(data, keyword)
    
def parseAllList(data, keyword):
    ty_url = DOMAIN + 'api/v2/search_items/?by=relevancy&keyword={}&limit=50&newest=0&order=desc&page_type=search&version=2'.format(keyword)
    resp = requests.get(ty_url, headers=headers).text
    doc = json.loads(resp) 
    
    totalcount = doc['query_rewrite']['ori_totalCount']
    total_pg = (totalcount // 50) + 1
    doc['totalPage'] = total_pg

    for num in range(0, total_pg):
        pg_url = DOMAIN + 'api/v2/search_items/?by=relevancy&keyword={}&limit=50&newest={}&order=desc&page_type=search&version=2'.format(keyword, (num*50))
        data['Page'] = num + 1
        parseList(pg_url, data, num)
        
def parseList(pg_url, data, num):
    print(pg_url)
    resp = requests.get(pg_url, headers=headers).text
    doc = json.loads(resp)
    position = 0
    count = 0
    
    for i in doc['items']:
        productid = i['itemid']
        name = i['name']
        shopid = i['shopid']
        data['Brand'] =i['brand']

        data['PrdCode'] = productid
        article_url = DOMAIN + name + '-i.{}.{}'.format(shopid, productid)
        data['url'] = article_url    
        
        promotion = []
        if not i['ads_keyword'] == None:
            promotion.append('廣告')
        if not i['add_on_deal_info'] == None:
            promotion.append(i['add_on_deal_info']['add_on_deal_label'])
        if int(i['show_discount']) > 0:
            promotion.append('折扣')
        if i['service_by_shopee_flag'] > 0:
            promotion.append('24h快速到貨')
        
        if num == 0: position = position + 1
        else:
            count = count + 1
            position = (num * 50) + count
        data['position_section'] = position
        data['position_total'] = data['position_section']
        
        parseItem(shopid, productid, promotion, data) 
    
def parseItem(shopid, productid, promotion, data):
    pg_url = DOMAIN + 'api/v2/item/get?itemid={}&shopid={}'.format(productid, shopid)
    time.sleep(1)
    resp = requests.get(pg_url, headers=headers).text
    doc = json.loads(resp)
    
    flavor = 0
    if not len(doc['item']['models']) == 0:
        for i in doc['item']['models']: flavor = flavor + 1
    
    data['Description'] = doc['item']['name']
    data['like'] = doc['item']['liked_count']
    data['rating'] = doc['item']['item_rating']['rating_star']
    data['review_count'] = doc['item']['cmt_count']
    data['sold_unit'] = doc['item']['historical_sold']
    
    if not doc['item']['bundle_deal_info'] == None: promotion.append(doc['item']['bundle_deal_info']['bundle_deal_label'])
    if doc['item']['shopee_verified'] == True: promotion.append('蝦皮優選')
    if doc['item']['show_official_shop_label'] == True: promotion.append('商城')
    data['promotion_tag'] = promotion
       
    if doc['item']['is_official_shop'] == True: 
        data['subchannel'] = '購物商城'
    if doc['item']['show_free_shipping'] == True: 
        data['delivery'] = '免運費'
    else: 
        data['delivery'] = '需運費'
        
    data['Selling_price'] = str(doc['item']['price_max'])[:-5]
    data['List_price'] = str(doc['item']['price_min_before_discount'])[:-5]
    if data['List_price'] == 0: data['List_price'] = str(doc['item']['price_max'])[:-5]
    
    crawler_tm = datetime.now(tz=timezone('Asia/Taipei'))
    data['rtime'] = datetime.strftime(crawler_tm, '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
    
    if not flavor == 0:
        for i in range(0, flavor):
            data['option_flavor'] = doc['item']['models'][(i)]['name']
            data['List_price'] = str(doc['item']['models'][(i)]['price'])[:-5]
            print(data)
    else:
        data['option_flavor'] = ""
        print(data)

欄位說明

  • Description、like、rating、sold_unit: 商品說明、星星評分、評價、售出單位
  • promotion_tag: 各類型促銷優惠、標籤
  • Selling_price、List_price: 促銷價、原始售價
  • flavor: 多種不同的商品型號、選項

輸入關鍵字

最後只要在這邊輸入想要搜尋的關鍵字,就可以開始爬取資料啦!

keyword = input("請輸入關鍵字:")
getShopeekey(keyword)

https://ithelp.ithome.com.tw/upload/images/20201025/20118435DF4Gd4iQaT.png


結果

爬取到的資料會呈現這項商品不同的型號、價格
https://ithelp.ithome.com.tw/upload/images/20201025/20118435T1NWJzQpf1.png

貼心提醒: 在 print(data) 部分可以改成匯入 DB 或 CSV 檔案中!/images/emoticon/emoticon37.gif



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1 則留言

0
arguskao
iT邦新手 4 級 ‧ 2023-08-20 22:08:13

我放在colab執行,出現
resp = requests.get(ty_url, headers=headers).text
27 doc = json.loads(resp)
---> 28 totalcount = doc['query_rewrite']['ori_totalCount']
29 total_pg = (totalcount // 50) + 1
30 doc['totalPage'] = total_pg

KeyError: 'query_rewrite'

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