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第 12 屆 iThome 鐵人賽

DAY 30
1
IoT

育兒也要智慧系列 第 30

Day 30 : 第一個 MQTT 智慧裝置

MQTT 通訊協定

最後一天就是要把大家領進門,

來把上回的智慧裝置串接到 Home Assistant

過去我們都使用 HTTP 來做各種育兒 IoT 應用,

今天則來試試 MQTT 這個更適合 IoT 的應用層網路傳輸協定,

並且使用 MQTT Broker 伺服器來收發工作。

架設 MQTT Broker

首先要架設一個名為 MQTT Broker 的伺服器,

用來作為 智慧裝置智慧平台 溝通的橋梁,

在本文使用 Eclipse Mosquitto 這套代理工具:

https://mosquitto.org/

它已經有人包好可以直接用 Docker 啟動起來:

docker run -it -p 1883:1883 -p 9001:9001 eclipse-mosquitto

很簡單的一行我們擁有 MQTT Broker 了。

PubSubClient 程式庫

在撰寫客戶端韌體的部分也使用 MQTT 通訊,

需要使用 PubSubClient 來協助處理客戶端:

https://github.com/knolleary/pubsubclient

首先打開 Arduino IDE 選擇 工具 > 管理程式庫

然後搜尋 PubSubClient 就可以找到程式庫並安裝:

https://ithelp.ithome.com.tw/upload/images/20201014/20107175KBGI0CuicG.png

撰寫智慧裝置韌體

筆者這裡是使用 PubSubClientESP8266 來修改的:

https://github.com/knolleary/pubsubclient/blob/master/examples/mqtt_esp8266/mqtt_esp8266.ino

連線方面增加了 mqtt_namemqtt_password 提供連線使用,

狀態部分將 msg 設定為 1 或 0 提供 HA 燈號的狀態:

snprintf(msg, MSG_BUFFER_SIZE, "%ld", 1);

同樣的韌體程式語法在此不作細部說明,

完整程式碼如下:

#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <PubSubClient.h>

// Update these with values suitable for your network.

const char *ssid = "SSID名稱";
const char *password = "Wifi密碼";
const char *mqtt_server = "MQTT伺服器Host";
const char *mqtt_name = "連線名稱";
const char *mqtt_password = "連線密碼";

WiFiClient espClient;
PubSubClient client(espClient);
unsigned long lastMsg = 0;
#define MSG_BUFFER_SIZE (50)
char msg[MSG_BUFFER_SIZE];
int value = 0;

void setup_wifi()
{

    delay(10);
    // We start by connecting to a WiFi network
    Serial.println("");
    Serial.print("Connecting to ");
    Serial.println(ssid);

    WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA);
    WiFi.begin(ssid, password);

    while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED)
    {
        delay(500);
        Serial.print(".");
    }

    randomSeed(micros());

    Serial.println("");
    Serial.println("WiFi connected");
    Serial.println("IP address: ");
    Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
}

void callback(char *topic, byte *payload, unsigned int length)
{
    Serial.print("Message arrived [");
    Serial.print(topic);
    Serial.print("] ");
    for (int i = 0; i < length; i++)
    {
        Serial.print((char)payload[i]);
    }
    Serial.println();

    // Switch on the LED if an 1 was received as first character
    if ((char)payload[0] == '1')
    {
        digitalWrite(BUILTIN_LED, LOW); // Turn the LED on (Note that LOW is the voltage level
        // but actually the LED is on; this is because
        // it is active low on the ESP-01)
        snprintf(msg, MSG_BUFFER_SIZE, "%ld", 1);
    }
    else
    {
        digitalWrite(BUILTIN_LED, HIGH); // Turn the LED off by making the voltage HIGH
        snprintf(msg, MSG_BUFFER_SIZE, "%ld", 0);
    }
}

void reconnect()
{
    // Loop until we're reconnected
    while (!client.connected())
    {
        Serial.print("Attempting MQTT connection...");
        // Create a random client ID
        String clientId = "ESP8266Client-";
        clientId += String(random(0xffff), HEX);
        // Attempt to connect
        if (client.connect(clientId.c_str(), mqtt_name, mqtt_password))
        {
            Serial.println("connected");
            // Once connected, publish an announcement...
            client.publish("outTopic", "0");
            // ... and resubscribe
            client.subscribe("inTopic");
        }
        else
        {
            Serial.print("failed, rc=");
            Serial.print(client.state());
            Serial.println(" try again in 5 seconds");
            // Wait 5 seconds before retrying
            delay(5000);
        }
    }
}

void setup()
{
    pinMode(BUILTIN_LED, OUTPUT); // Initialize the BUILTIN_LED pin as an output
    Serial.begin(115200);
    setup_wifi();
    client.setServer(mqtt_server, 1883);
    client.setCallback(callback);
}

void loop()
{
    if (!client.connected())
    {
        reconnect();
    }
    client.loop();

    unsigned long now = millis();
    if (now - lastMsg > 2000)
    {
        lastMsg = now;
        ++value;
        Serial.print("Publish message: ");
        Serial.println(msg);
        client.publish("outTopic", msg);
    }
}

YAML 設定

由於 Home Assistant 也需要連線至 MQTT Broker

因此在 configuration.yaml 設定好如下範例:

mqtt:
  broker: 192.168.1.108
  username: 連線名稱
  password: 連線密碼

設定好後 HA 就能自動與 Eclipse Mosquitto 連線。

最後是智慧裝置的控制及介面設定,

這裡建立一個 switch 用來控制燈號,

如下範例:

switch:
  - platform: mqtt
    name: "light"
    icon: mdi:lightbulb-outline
    command_topic: "inTopic"
    state_topic: "outTopic"
    qos: 1
    payload_on: "1"
    payload_off: "0"
    retain: true

都配置完畢後總覽就會出現開關囉!

https://ithelp.ithome.com.tw/upload/images/20201014/20107175d8DrypCYgB.png

使用結果

完成了所有的配置之後,

這就是最後成功運作的畫面啦

補充

由於我們使用的是 WindwosDocker

架設的 HA 智慧家庭平台是沒有 Supervisor 的,

https://ithelp.ithome.com.tw/upload/images/20201014/201071759tYYWVwqpd.png

所以會無法使用 Add-on Store 來安裝 Mosquitto

因此本文直接使用 Docker 架設 Eclipse Mosquitto


上一篇
Day 29 : 第一個無線智慧裝置
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育兒也要智慧30
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