Application Vulnerabilities

咱會柱著 memory injection、 buffer overflow、 race conditions 佮 malicious update。

1. memory injection

2. buffer overflow

3. race conditions

• Time-of-check (TOC) vulnerabilities
• Time-of-use (TOU) vulnerabilities

4. malicious update

1. memory injection

攻擊者暗中 ka 惡意的 code 插入去程式的 memory space，án-ne 攻擊者著會得提著 unauthorized access 抑是執行 arbitrary commands，造成 data breaches、 loss of data integrity。

Operating System(OS)-based Vulnerabilities

Web-Based Vulnerabilites

1. SQL injection

2. XSS

Hardware Vulnerabilities

Virtualization Vulnerabilities

Cloud-Specific Vulnerabilities

Supply Chain Vulnerabilities

Cryptographic Vulnerabilies