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2018 iT 邦幫忙鐵人賽
DAY 11
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AI & Machine Learning

到底是在learning什麼拉系列 第 11

[day 10] 分類-實作

Loading & exploring product review data

https://ithelp.ithome.com.tw/upload/images/20171226/20107448hDNnMVmuyz.png

在分類這章裡面,我們討論了如何透過分類來搭建情緒分析器

接下將透過一個簡單的例子,帶大家做個簡單的情緒分析器

一樣要導入GraphLab

接著引入產品的資料(amazon_baby.gl),透過graphlab來讓資料視覺化

import graphlab

products = graphlab.SFrame('/home/user/nylon7/machine_learning/week3/amazon_baby.gl')
products.head()

最後我們可以透過head這個method來得到資料的前幾行

name review rating
Planetwise Flannel Wipes These flannel wipes areOK, but in my opinion ... 3.0
Planetwise Wipe Pouch it came early and was notdisappointed. i love ... 5.0
Annas Dream Full Quiltwith 2 Shams ... Very soft and comfortableand warmer than it ... 5.0
Stop Pacifier Suckingwithout tears with ... This is a product wellworth the purchase. I ... 5.0
Stop Pacifier Suckingwithout tears with ... All of my kids have criednon-stop when I tried to ... 5.0
Stop Pacifier Suckingwithout tears with ... When the Binky Fairy cameto our house, we didn't ... 5.0
A Tale of Baby's Dayswith Peter Rabbit ... Lovely book, it's boundtightly so you may no ... 4.0
Baby Tracker® - DailyChildcare Journal, ... Perfect for new parents.We were able to keep ... 5.0
Baby Tracker® - DailyChildcare Journal, ... A friend of mine pinnedthis product on Pinte ... 5.0
Baby Tracker® - DailyChildcare Journal, ... This has been an easy wayfor my nanny to record ... 4.0

這份資料大致上有三個項目,分別是品名、評論、等級

Creating the word count vector

接著我們想要建立自己的word count,把整條評論變成分詞,這樣才有助於我們做情緒分析

products['word_count'] = graphlab.text_analytics.count_words(products['review'])
products.head()

統計完之後,同樣可以透過head將其印出,我們可以看到word_count的欄位,他幫我們統計了每一個單字的數量

name review rating word_count sentiment
Planetwise Wipe Pouch it came early and was notdisappointed. i love ... 5.0 {'and': 3, 'love': 1,'it': 2, 'highly': 1, ... 1
Annas Dream Full Quiltwith 2 Shams ... Very soft and comfortableand warmer than it ... 5.0 {'and': 2, 'quilt': 1,'it': 1, 'comfortable': ... 1
Stop Pacifier Suckingwithout tears with ... This is a product wellworth the purchase. I ... 5.0 {'ingenious': 1, 'and':3, 'love': 2, ... 1
Stop Pacifier Suckingwithout tears with ... All of my kids have criednon-stop when I tried to ... 5.0 {'and': 2, 'parents!!':1, 'all': 2, 'puppet.': ... 1
Stop Pacifier Suckingwithout tears with ... When the Binky Fairy cameto our house, we didn't ... 5.0 {'and': 2, 'this': 2,'her': 1, 'help': 2, ... 1
A Tale of Baby's Dayswith Peter Rabbit ... Lovely book, it's boundtightly so you may no ... 4.0 {'shop': 1, 'noble': 1,'is': 1, 'it': 1, 'as': ... 1
Baby Tracker® - DailyChildcare Journal, ... Perfect for new parents.We were able to keep ... 5.0 {'and': 2, 'all': 1,'right': 1, 'when': 1, ... 1
Baby Tracker® - DailyChildcare Journal, ... A friend of mine pinnedthis product on Pinte ... 5.0 {'and': 1, 'help': 1,'give': 1, 'is': 1, ' ... 1
Baby Tracker® - DailyChildcare Journal, ... This has been an easy wayfor my nanny to record ... 4.0 {'journal.': 1, 'nanny':1, 'standarad': 1, ... 1
Baby Tracker® - DailyChildcare Journal, ... I love this journal andour nanny uses it ... 4.0 {'all': 1, 'forget': 1,'just': 1, 'food': 1, ... 1

Exploring the most popular product

將著我們可以先來看看產品的某一例,比如

products['name'].show()

https://ithelp.ithome.com.tw/upload/images/20171229/20107448SSmZsBZPsD.png

從中你可以發現,得到最多評論的產品是Vulli Sophie

同樣我們可以透過show()將評等視覺化

# explore Vulli Sophie
giraffe_reviews = products[ products['name'] == 'Vulli Sophie the Giraffe Teether']

#785
len(giraffe_reviews)

giraffe_reviews['rating'].show(view='Categorical')

https://ithelp.ithome.com.tw/upload/images/20171229/20107448c8B0tXWWaw.png

直觀來看我們可以發現,這像產品的評價是不錯的,原因是其5顆星的評等遠高於其他

Defining which reviews have positive or negative sentiment

回顧一下上面的圖表,這像產品沒有"讚"與"爛"的標籤,它是一種光譜,而不是一種二元的對立

因此這時候我們就要做出一點取捨,我們假設5跟4都代表著正向的情緒而1跟2代表負面

至於3我們先將他撇除因為我認為3顆星代表著不好不壞(當然你可以嚴格一點,這邊我只是想展示當你想把某個區間的評價消除可以怎麼做)

# build a sentiment classifiers

# ignore all 3* reviews
products = products[products['rating'] != 3]

# positive sentiment = 4* or 5* reviews
products['sentiment'] = products['rating'] >= 4

products.head()

https://ithelp.ithome.com.tw/upload/images/20171229/20107448TJ3cbb287V.png

此時在檢視一次會發現多了一個sentiment的欄位了(1為正向、0為負面)

Training a sentiment classifier

我們必須分兩步驟來實現這個classifier

  • 先將資料分成測試集與訓練集
  • 建立模型,以訓練集做為輸入訓練機器

這個範例中我們呼叫的是logistic_classifier(邏輯回歸),但事實上還有Decision Trees(決策樹)、Support Vector Machine(支持向量機) 這兩種方法,這將會在之後討論

在 logistic classifier 中除了要給 train_data 外還要輸入 train 的目標還有 features,再將測試集輸入到validation_set,最後就可以得到訓練的結果

# 80% train set 20% test set
train_data,test_data = products.random_split(.8,seed=0)

sentiment_model = graphlab.logistic_classifier.create(train_data,
                                                      target = 'sentiment',
                                                      features = ['word_count'],
                                                      validation_set=test_data)

https://ithelp.ithome.com.tw/upload/images/20171229/20107448YXRSpyAyeg.png

從圖表中可以很清楚看到,就結果來說Training-accuracy越來越趨近1(越來越好)

Evaluating a classifier & the ROC curve

接著我們要來評估我們的情感分析模組

還記得之前提到的False negative 與 False positive 嗎?

ROC curve 就是專門用來針對confusion matrix中的 False negative 與 False positive

# evaluate the sentiment model use roc curve
sentiment_model.evaluate(test_data,metric='roc_curve')

# Data Visualization
sentiment_model.show(view='Evaluation')

https://ithelp.ithome.com.tw/upload/images/20171229/20107448X1mYD9oD8d.png

ROC curve 的圖表隱含著的是對 True Positive 與 False Positive 的取捨

Predicted label + Predicted label -
True label + True Positive False Negative
True label - False Negativ True Negativ

我們可以看到當中的 True Positive 與 True Negativ 資料非常的不平衡,總體精確率為91.1%

Applying model to find most positive & negative reviews for a product

接下來我想用我的訓練好的模組來分析我 giraffe ,這邊有一點要注意,還記得前面提到的嗎?若要夠精確就必須將結果加上機率才行,所以 output_type 要設為 probability

# Applying the learned model to understand sentiment for giraffe
giraffe_reviews['predicted_sentiment'] = sentiment_model.predict(giraffe_reviews,output_type='probability')

giraffe_reviews.head()
name review rating word_count predicted_sentiment
Vulli Sophie the GiraffeTeether ... He likes chewing on allthe parts especially the ... 5.0 {'and': 1, 'all': 1,'because': 1, 'it': 1, ... 0.999513023521
Vulli Sophie the GiraffeTeether ... My son loves this toy andfits great in the diaper ... 5.0 {'and': 1, 'right': 1,'help': 1, 'just': 1, ... 0.999320678306
Vulli Sophie the GiraffeTeether ... There really should be alarge warning on the ... 1.0 {'and': 2, 'all': 1,'would': 1, 'latex.': 1, ... 0.013558811687
Vulli Sophie the GiraffeTeether ... All the moms in my moms'group got Sophie for ... 5.0 {'and': 2, 'one!': 1,'all': 1, 'love': 1, ... 0.995769474148
Vulli Sophie the GiraffeTeether ... I was a little skepticalon whether Sophie was ... 5.0 {'and': 3, 'all': 1,'months': 1, 'old': 1, ... 0.662374415673
Vulli Sophie the GiraffeTeether ... I have been reading aboutSophie and was going ... 5.0 {'and': 6, 'seven': 1,'already': 1, 'love': 1, ... 0.999997148186
Vulli Sophie the GiraffeTeether ... My neice loves her sophieand has spent hours ... 5.0 {'and': 4, 'drooling,':1, 'love': 1, ... 0.989190989536
Vulli Sophie the GiraffeTeether ... What a friendly face!And those mesmerizing ... 5.0 {'and': 3, 'chew': 1,'be': 1, 'is': 1, ... 0.999563518413
Vulli Sophie the GiraffeTeether ... We got this just for myson to chew on instea ... 5.0 {'chew': 2, 'seemed': 1,'because': 1, 'about.': ... 0.970160542725
Vulli Sophie the GiraffeTeether ... My baby seems to likethis toy, but I could ... 3.0 {'and': 2, 'already': 1,'some': 1, 'it': 3, ... 0.195367644588

我們可以看到模組將每個預測中都增加了機率

接著如果我們想要知道給予負面評價的人都怎麼說?如果要視覺化呈現我們透過排序的方式,然後將 ascending 設為即可看到從負評開始的排列

# sort the reviews based on the predicted sentiment
giraffe_reviews = giraffe_reviews.sort('predicted_sentiment',ascending=False)
giraffe_reviews.head()

最後我們也可以透過存取 review 欄位來更細緻看看評論到底寫些什麼?

giraffe_reviews[0]['review']

Reference:


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[day 9] 回歸分析-實作(下)
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[day 11] 分群與相似度-1
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