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第 11 屆 iThome 鐵人賽
DAY 26
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DevOps

Kubernetes的30天養成計劃系列 第 26 篇

[Day26] k8s管理篇延伸與EKS（二）：Resource Quota、Namespace、RBAC

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前言

昨天我們看完了管理篇的上卷，今天我們要接續昨天的進度，繼續朝下卷邁進。

管理篇（上）：服務、監控（昨天）

管理篇（下）：資源控制、虛擬集群、使用者管理、RBAC（今天）

複習傳送門：

管理篇（下）

我們要先探討關於Resource Quota和NameSpace的整合範例

示例一：Resource Quota 和 Namespace

值得一提的是，EKS預設Resource Quota是開啟的，不用另外啟動，與minikube不同

我們先新增一個YAML

$vim resourcequota.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: myspace
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ResourceQuota
metadata:
  name: compute-quota
  namespace: myspace
spec:
  hard:
    requests.cpu: "1"
    requests.memory: 1Gi
    requests.nvidia.com/gpu: 1
    limits.cpu: "2"
    limits.memory: 2Gi
    limits.nvidia.com/gpu: 2
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ResourceQuota
metadata:
  name: object-quota
  namespace: myspace
spec:
  hard:
    configmaps: "10"
    persistentvolumeclaims: "4"
    replicationcontrollers: "20"
    secrets: "10"
    services: "10"
    services.loadbalancers: "2"

接著apply它

$kubectl apply -f resourcequota.yaml
namespace/myspace created
resourcequota/compute-quota created
resourcequota/object-quota created

沒有Resource Quota的Deployment

新增一個沒有設置Resource Quota的Deployment

$vim helloworld-no-quotas.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: helloworld-deployment
  namespace: myspace
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: helloworld
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: helloworld
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: k8s-demo
        image: 105552010/k8s-demo
        ports:
        - name: nodejs-port
          containerPort: 3000

接著apply它

$kubectl apply -f deploy-no-quota.yaml -n myspace
deployment.apps/helloworld-deployment created

檢查Pod狀態

$kubectl get po -n myspace
No resources found.

檢查Deployment狀態

$kubectl describe deployment -n myspace
Name:                   helloworld-deployment
Namespace:              myspace
CreationTimestamp:      Thu, 10 Oct 2019 17:46:02 +0800
Labels:                 <none>
Annotations:            deployment.kubernetes.io/revision: 1
                        kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration:
                          {"apiVersion":"apps/v1","kind":"Deployment","metadata":{"annotations":{},"name":"helloworld-deployment","namespace":"myspace"},"spec":{"re...
Selector:               app=helloworld
Replicas:               3 desired | 0 updated | 0 total | 0 available | 3 unavailable
StrategyType:           RollingUpdate
MinReadySeconds:        0
RollingUpdateStrategy:  25% max unavailable, 25% max surge
Pod Template:
  Labels:  app=helloworld
  Containers:
   k8s-demo:
    Image:        105552010/k8s-demo
    Port:         3000/TCP
    Host Port:    0/TCP
    Environment:  <none>
    Mounts:       <none>
  Volumes:        <none>
Conditions:
  Type             Status  Reason
  ----             ------  ------
  Progressing      True    NewReplicaSetCreated
  Available        False   MinimumReplicasUnavailable
  ReplicaFailure   True    FailedCreate
OldReplicaSets:    <none>
NewReplicaSet:     helloworld-deployment-7865b8c744 (0/3 replicas created)
Events:
  Type    Reason             Age   From                   Message
  ----    ------             ----  ----                   -------
  Normal  ScalingReplicaSet  90s   deployment-controller  Scaled up replica set helloworld-deployment-7865b8c744 to 3

這是因為沒有設置，所以不能調度

先把Deployment關掉

$kubectl delete -f deploy-no-quota.yaml -n myspace
deployment.apps "helloworld-deployment" deleted

有Resource Quota的Deployment

我們修改下Deployment的內容

$vim deploy-with-quota.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: helloworld-deployment
  namespace: myspace
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: helloworld
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: helloworld
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: k8s-demo
        image: 105552010/k8s-demo
        ports:
        - name: nodejs-port
          containerPort: 3000
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: 200m
            memory: 0.5Gi
          limits:
            cpu: 400m
            memory: 1Gi

接著我們apply它

$kubectl apply -f deploy-with-quota.yaml -n myspace
deployment.apps/helloworld-deployment created

檢查Pod狀態

$kubectl get po
NAME                                     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
helloworld-deployment-5b5457694d-86pgn   1/1     Running   0          3h14m
helloworld-deployment-5b5457694d-h5fbm   1/1     Running   0          3h14m

有了，要設置Resource Quota的Deployment才能用！

如果Namespace沒有要用的話，可以

$kubectl delete namespaces myspace
namespace "myspace" deleted

這樣就會把myspace底下所有相關的資源一併刪除。

OK，測試成功！

示例二：User management、RBAC

我們前面有講過EKS預設就已經將RBAC啟動

新增兩個檔案

  • Private Key
$vim ~/.aws/nick.key
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
MIIEpQIBAAKCAQEAo4/nVKTIeMt+byJq2RlRPwaQrpKaz3vv29leJbe72hh42sKK
o+QTTWMVAVZ53Uh+slrAk/oIo7Fd4iAugHekMEUpPrbRo19rQ35HR7JS6GotyVcR
4T0VuBPMb2ut18KZgA1rIjX67Jl2RQXolo8mEve09xH/uVVEr6QmcUBy3ms3lfgB
Pv424JObt8SfRm0Km3ZSNcJTH4/wIl2FIDccibROvll6ws9sS/pdxOXcmD/N0kV9
/qHn9l/6+oOqwvTh/3zHAfFzNlIgWDKo1cYe4A0Gl6oRKyObjR1ruB7oA3x9hOKy
FJY9akO9IXiiOv/1FELhit5MD75BdzZm5nMs6wIDAQABAoIBAQCYTSpKLfqiSFJd
5714lFOMDW/xrn/LDgvmOnypQHICfmEiyp3QSFMU71si2MQ3IgcfytOhtuQOkNzr
7619YGqZq/zg8dk5eGNoAJEdGNaMpjomThZPFtM/iegGJE1HKGRI0bXdsEgLwkZX
tU3DzF3WsaNnoPHvQI/pwT8um6WaptxwrFQP0gixaRAnylzRLrFNFvEDUPo8cEQq
WgqAqctjufm+2+sm+0gO1+wdsPNrdHAoWxLs5MN8oqiZmtuFDoNA5g6usOv/aQNO
wxpvCToIPUWg7fbCklSNftl4BFDJ9U/hFsXks0zbEvtKQZ3UrN+eqoE0I1Jo+y10
8u0TCbnBAoGBANIAJppynsihrwLyMm953B/eazkNszBaMPlK1KkjnjjYPFTPWU1K
a3KKCFmm4yISX5uIfeHmD/cugBeF0IZDEURc4Ia4purjP9o+t5QeWYUtLA7lniwh
xu4rTAzhlSfV7EeC9M1/P3RG+w3cfOaFi5KThU2I9ynLLv3dwXZtv5dhAoGBAMdj
s4WMDOeHmx+FISMi44GRBAq2RiAzr1ARKRV2syzSkNEvHUQF5P82+1iPXzYOQG5w
8o6Xp593pQCUpaFEhogUXWuN+kIdlLOqYO2vhJ/347UbfVMbYzd9nc9Rtm/JuvEi
8gVXE3MKz5tiWDQLoBqV8QnuMUpyPrOPL5IYwAPLAoGBAIDsCscC2yw85p6eZgw9
+b+u4pCyMnHazPoe0JPOBBLN3awLZ72llHVK/HldlU+TjBKGJxIKFX8gkw7d3fiv
L+iSRF0w+3h0bvzjR/ys7TRvWP8ERKi/S8tn1VaLHvDHyjjU0sld92zBLtuBo0Q6
dEdWPZ4uGd8UmBLOkzjLg7XBAoGBAKqgbFklX0mm5x2THKdnzM7s3UuZbetSr3zS
IplGidAapWkNa3rxnGS2lWLU1kJ48bRRHZDewMgbZ+1WR2L5NDMxUjyfNADuNXmG
nQnpwJHwXUF3s8ix0DcFXU2z/G4vcLW4FOpy+KbjIoQzJY3sQOdfVvULi8zMdVHN
f4UDfxX/AoGABniIKUWGs9xc+gPGPiNXXm9DZjU2XpzaYbXVPqcu2i3HSXUoxGbX
/N8cIfqiVGVWIx0Kp69KNxZUMZYH0TeN02G5mCQ7Wasgf198FlCL+kVUR03ankEY
cpdfqvvkZLaCMFOnJ88jj/vuzLo6zpoO8WDm1mN8ptzTcjQrNpUgEyo=
-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
  • Certificate
$vim ~/.aws/nick.crt
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----

檢查既有的設定

$kubectl config view
apiVersion: v1
clusters:
- cluster:
    certificate-authority-data: DATA+OMITTED
    server: https://0E6EE730786C40D5356928C6B706CE71.yl4.ap-southeast-1.eks.amazonaws.com
  name: eks-cluster.ap-southeast-1.eksctl.io
contexts:
- context:
    cluster: eks-cluster.ap-southeast-1.eksctl.io
    user: eks@eks-cluster.ap-southeast-1.eksctl.io
  name: eks@eks-cluster.ap-southeast-1.eksctl.io
current-context: eks@eks-cluster.ap-southeast-1.eksctl.io
kind: Config
preferences: {}
users:
- name: eks@eks-cluster.ap-southeast-1.eksctl.io
  user:
    exec:
      apiVersion: client.authentication.k8s.io/v1alpha1
      args:
      - token
      - -i
      - eks-cluster
      command: aws-iam-authenticator
      env: null

接著新增nick這個使用者

$kubectl config set-credentials nick --client-certificate ~/.aws/nick.crt --client-key ~/.aws/nick.key
User "nick" set.
$kubectl config set-context nick --cluster=eks-cluster.ap-southeast-1.eksctl.io --user=nick
Context "nick" created.

檢查更新的設定

$kubectl config view
apiVersion: v1
clusters:
- cluster:
    certificate-authority-data: DATA+OMITTED
    server: https://0E6EE730786C40D5356928C6B706CE71.yl4.ap-southeast-1.eks.amazonaws.com
  name: eks-cluster.ap-southeast-1.eksctl.io
contexts:
- context:
    cluster: eks-cluster.ap-southeast-1.eksctl.io
    user: eks@eks-cluster.ap-southeast-1.eksctl.io
  name: eks@eks-cluster.ap-southeast-1.eksctl.io
**- context:
    cluster: eks-cluster.ap-southeast-1.eksctl.io
    user: nick
  name: nick**
current-context: eks@eks-cluster.ap-southeast-1.eksctl.io
kind: Config
preferences: {}
users:
- name: eks@eks-cluster.ap-southeast-1.eksctl.io
  user:
    exec:
      apiVersion: client.authentication.k8s.io/v1alpha1
      args:
      - token
      - -i
      - eks-cluster
      command: aws-iam-authenticator
      env: null
**- name: nick
  user:
    client-certificate: /home/nick/.aws/nick.crt
    client-key: /home/nick/.aws/nick.key**

顯示當前使用者

$kubectl config current-context
eks@eks-cluster.ap-southeast-1.eksctl.io

切換到nick

$kubectl config use-context nick
Switched to context "nick".

顯示當前使用者

$kubectl config current-context
nick

使用者nick操作集群

$kubectl get po
error: the server doesn't have a resource type "po"

這是還沒有設定權限造成的

接著我們幫nick新增權限

新增一個Role

$vim role.yaml
kind: Role
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  namespace: default
  name: pod-reader
rules:
- apiGroups: [""] # "" indicates the core API group
  resources: ["pods"]
  verbs: ["get", "watch", "list"]

新增一個RoleBinding

$vim role-binding.yaml
kind: RoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: read-pods
  namespace: default
subjects:
- kind: User
  name: nick # Name is case sensitive
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
roleRef:
  kind: Role #this must be Role or ClusterRole
  name: pod-reader # must match the name of the Role
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io

先切回AWS的EKS管理員

$kubectl config use-context eks@eks-cluster.ap-southeast-1.eksctl.io
Switched to context "eks@eks-cluster.ap-southeast-1.eksctl.io".

接著啟動Role和RoleBinding

$kubectl apply -f role.yaml
role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/pod-reader created
$kubectl apply -f role-binding.yaml
rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/read-pods created

檢查Role和RoleBinding的狀態

$kubectl get role
NAME         AGE
pod-reader   87s
$kubectl get rolebinding
NAME        AGE
read-pods   56s

詳細看Role和RoleBinding的狀態

$kubectl describe role
Name:         pod-reader
Labels:       <none>
Annotations:  kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration:
                {"apiVersion":"rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1","kind":"Role","metadata":{"annotations":{},"name":"pod-reader","namespace":"default"},"rules"...
PolicyRule:
  Resources  Non-Resource URLs  Resource Names  Verbs
  ---------  -----------------  --------------  -----
  pods       []                 []              [get watch list]
$kubectl describe rolebinding
Name:         read-pods
Labels:       <none>
Annotations:  kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration:
                {"apiVersion":"rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1","kind":"RoleBinding","metadata":{"annotations":{},"name":"read-pods","namespace":"default"},"...
Role:
  Kind:  Role
  Name:  pod-reader
Subjects:
  Kind  Name  Namespace
  ----  ----  ---------
  User  nick

有看到nick這個使用者註冊上去了！

接著我們切換使用者，換成nick試試

$kubectl config current-context
eks@eks-cluster.ap-southeast-1.eksctl.io
$kubectl config use-context nick
Switched to context "nick".
$kubectl config current-context
nick
$kubectl get po
error: You must be logged in to the server (Unauthorized)

唷！沒有授權，這應該是AWS的關係

我們修改下~/.kube/config，增加exec的Block內容

$vim ~/.kube/config
- name: nick
  user:
    **exec:
      apiVersion: client.authentication.k8s.io/v1alpha1
      args:
      - token
      - -i
      - eks-cluster
      command: aws-iam-authenticator
      env: null**
    client-certificate: /home/nick/.aws/nick.crt
    client-key: /home/nick/.aws/nick.key

這個是讓能使用aws-iam-authenticator去認證

接著我們在操作一次

$kubectl get po
No resources found.

可以用了，我們把它恢復原狀

$kubectl delete -f role.yaml
role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io "pod-reader" deleted
$kubectl delete -f role-binding.yaml
rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io "read-pods" deleted
$kubectl get role
No resources found.
$kubectl get rolebindings.rbac.authorization.k8s.io
No resources found.

測試結束。

小結

今天我們已經將AWS上的管理篇內容做個結束，相信讀者有不少體會，隨著30天邁入尾聲，我們會開始介紹AWS上的k8s應用篇，以及一些相關群集整體的內容，有些整合性的內容會開始放上來，敬請期待，我們明天見囉～

參考資料

本文同步刊載於https://github.com/x1y2z3456/ironman

感謝您撥冗閱讀此文章，不喜勿噴，有任何問題建議歡迎下方留言：）

說個笑話，希望我能寫滿30天啊（笑


上一篇
[Day25] k8s管理篇延伸與EKS（一）：Service Discovery、Dashboard、Monitoring
下一篇
[Day27] k8s應用篇（一）：Helm部署apps、HPA和CA
系列文
Kubernetes的30天養成計劃 共 30 篇
  1. 26
    [Day26] k8s管理篇延伸與EKS（二）：Resource Quota、Namespace、RBAC
  2. 27
    [Day27] k8s應用篇（一）：Helm部署apps、HPA和CA
  3. 28
    [Day28] k8s應用篇（二）：EBS和EFS的使用
  4. 29
    [Day29] k8s集群篇：HA、Federation
  5. 30
    [Day30] k8s總結：架構整合、圖表整理
完整目錄
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