接下來將透過 Python 所提供的一些模組來擷取網頁上的資料，那麼就從「如何取得網頁」開始吧！
我們可以使用 Python 的模組 requests 來下載網頁，透過 requests 建立適當的 HTTP 請求，從網頁伺服器上取得需要的資料，想要使用這個模組前必須先安裝模組，只要開啟終端機，輸入以下指令就可以完成安裝了！
pip install requests
安裝完成後就可以來實際下載網頁看看，這邊我們使用 Google 首頁來做示範
import requests
url = 'https://www.google.com/'
response = requests.get(url)
print(response.encoding)
print(response.status_code)
print(response.headers)
print(response.text)
執行後可以看到以下結果：
ISO-8859-1
200
{'Date': 'Sat, 09 Oct 2021 13:16:04 GMT', 'Expires': '-1', 'Cache-Control': 'private, max-age=0', 'Content-Type': 'text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1', 'P3P': 'CP="This is not a P3P policy! See g.co/p3phelp for more info."', 'Content-Encoding': 'gzip', 'Server': 'gws', 'X-XSS-Protection': '0', 'X-Frame-Options': 'SAMEORIGIN', 'Set-Cookie': '1P_JAR=2021-10-09-13; expires=Mon, 08-Nov-2021 13:16:04 GMT; path=/; domain=.google.com; Secure, NID=511=poM_9_NWaALIoKPt57zR9DODZS3IDRwuAXb4zhChjO0P5GiNfS2579nxfo2r6YPnmEQxVINoBE17g8_atyHpxMInX7NMm301YqLCGObRvGhKl8PDNqcwE8fCop-p5GcG4Vchx39C-HHN2cqjOK_xCpbJ5Qe7hyGB3d9pMnVhcPU; expires=Sun, 10-Apr-2022 13:16:04 GMT; path=/; domain=.google.com; HttpOnly', 'Alt-Svc': 'h3=":443"; ma=2592000,h3-29=":443"; ma=2592000,h3-T051=":443"; ma=2592000,h3-Q050=":443"; ma=2592000,h3-Q046=":443"; ma=2592000,h3-Q043=":443"; ma=2592000,quic=":443"; ma=2592000; v="46,43"', 'Transfer-Encoding': 'chunked'}
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接下來針對程式進行進一步的介紹，line 6 中的 encoding 指的是網頁編碼的方式，line 7 的 status_code 則是指網頁的狀態，line 8 與 line 9 中的 headers 跟 text 分別表示網頁的表頭與內容。
而伺服器回傳的常見狀態碼如下：
iThome鐵人賽
看影片追技術